College - Author 1
College of Liberal Arts
Department - Author 1
Psychology and Child Development Department
Degree Name - Author 1
BS in Child Development
College - Author 2
College of Liberal Arts
Department - Author 2
Psychology and Child Development Department
Degree - Author 2
BS in Child Development
College - Author 3
College of Liberal Arts
Department - Author 3
Psychology and Child Development Department
Degree - Author 3
BS in Child Development
Date
3-2026
Primary Advisor
Laura Cacciamani, College of Liberal Arts, Psychology and Child Development Department
Additional Advisors
Jessica Kaczorowski, College of Liberal Arts, Psychology and Child Development Department
Abstract/Summary
This literature review examines the impact of nature-based and outdoor learning on K–12 students’ academic achievement, socio-emotional development, and mental health. Drawing on a wide range of empirical studies and systematic reviews, the paper highlights how learning in natural environments enhances academic outcomes by improving self-efficacy, cognitive functioning, and student engagement. Evidence consistently shows that outdoor learning fosters critical thinking, collaboration, and deeper conceptual understanding compared to traditional classroom instruction.
In addition to academic benefits, nature-based learning supports socio-emotional development by strengthening peer relationships, promoting confidence, and encouraging prosocial behaviors such as cooperation and empathy. These environments provide opportunities for experiential learning and shared problem-solving, which contribute to a stronger sense of belonging and self-efficacy among students.
The review also emphasizes significant mental health benefits, including reduced stress, improved mood, and decreased symptoms of anxiety and depression. Research suggests that exposure to natural environments supports emotional regulation, psychological well-being, and overall resilience in children.
Overall, the findings indicate that intentionally integrating nature-based learning into school curricula can support holistic child development. While further longitudinal research is needed, current evidence strongly supports the value of outdoor education as a meaningful and effective approach to enhancing students’ academic success and well-being.
URL: https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/psycdsp/60
Parent Teacher Handbook
Outdoor-Based Learning Activity Workbook (1).pdf (3383 kB)
Learning Activity Workbook