2024-03-29T11:08:51Z
http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/do/oai/
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1000
2010-02-18T17:00:09Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Creation and Implementation Plan for a Sales Engineering Minor at California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo
Checkis, Joshua M
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2009-12-01T08:00:00Z
Karen Bangs
sales engineering
technical sales
minor creation
minor curriculum
The profession of Sales Engineering (S.E.) offers engineers a unique opportunity to fuse their technical background with communication and business skills in order to seek a rewarding alternative to the typical engineering career path. The shortfall of this niche industry is the lack of formal academic programs that seek to develop the skills necessary to prepare engineers for the field. At this time only two sales engineering minors exist in the nation, one at Iowa State University and the other at the University of Florida. The process for this senior project was to clearly identify the scope of a competitive sales engineering minor for California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo. The final decision on the courses included in the minor being suggested were rigorously scrutinized to fulfill requirements from multiple sources interviewed and researched, sources such as: industry contacts close to Cal Poly, engineering students, and finally, Cal Poly faculty and administration interested in the success of the minor. Industry contacts were all given a standard open-ended survey aimed at defining Sales Engineering and the gathering of input on what academic areas should be focused on. The course areas mentioned most prominently were business and communication. Finance was also mentioned as one area in particular that many engineering graduates have no solid foundation in. In addition to industry input, Cal Poly students were asked about what they would like to see in a S.E. curriculum. The results of this survey were transcribed into metrics and analyzed. The results indicated an echo of the focuses industry wanted to see, both in business and communication skills, with communication skills being the main focus. The two existing minors in Iowa and Florida were also used as references to improve upon. The goal at this stage was then to create multiple curriculum options for Cal Poly and to thoroughly analyze the strengths and weaknesses of these options. Multiple tools were used to execute this stage, including; Affinity Diagrams, Cause & Effect Ishikawa Diagrams, Flowcharts, Force Field Analysis, Interrelationship Digraphs, Matrix Diagrams, Prioritization Matrices and Radar Charts.
Financial considerations were taken into account as well, crafting a minor that works well within Cal Poly’s current offered curriculum; introducing only two new courses. The final curriculum proposed includes the creation of a 4-unit Sales Engineering seminar in addition to the current IME 401 course. The other course creation is a Finance course for non-business majors. The rest of the 29 unit minor consists of course options that develop skills in the areas of Business and Communications from the existing catalog.
Another aspect to gauge the success of this project was to generate excitement and support for the proposed minor. It was determined that the best method to do this would be to create a Sales Engineering Club on campus. In the spring of 2009, the first official meeting was kicked off by Joshua Checkis and Clint Hebrew with a representative team from Trane coming to give a presentation. From that point on, the club has grown to just under one-hundred members and counting. The industry and student commitment in conjunction with contributions to this project are closely aligned to the success of the club. The club has focused on educating Cal Poly’s engineering students on the benefits of a career in Sales Engineering, developing communication and business skills for their members as well as generating significant industry support behind the concept of a Sales Engineering minor.
2010-02-09T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/1
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1001
2010-05-05T23:38:09Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Enhancing Student Usability of the Osmette
Foutz, Mitchell
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-03-01T08:00:00Z
David Clague
Other Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
osmometer
osmotic pressure
osmolality
osmolarity
body fluid analysis
Precision Systems' Micro-Osmette located in the St. Jude Lab at Cal Poly SLO is a freezing-point depression osmometer capable of measuring the osmolality, the concentration of hydrated species in osmoles per-kilogram of water, with unrivaled speed and accuracy. The Osmette could be used extensively by students in a wide variety of applications if students are able to become acquainted with the device in an accelerated manner. The amount of time required to safely and effectively operate the micro-Osmette using the operator's manual provided with the device is prohibitive of widespread use by students. Revisions and improvements to the existing operator's manual has the potential to significantly increase the utility of this device; as well as it's use by students.
2010-04-22T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/2
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1002
2010-06-08T00:03:44Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
A Sustainable Business Proposition for Selling Irrigation Pumps in Ndola, Zambia
Hosbach, Robert
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2010-05-01T07:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
International Business
Other Engineering
Sustainability
Pump
Zambia
Poverty
Starvation
Income
Robert Hosbach is proposing a sustainable business plan to bring a small‐scale irrigation
pump to rural Ndola, Zambia. With hundreds of thousands of citizens living in poverty and
semi‐annual starvation, Ndola is in need of a means to grow crops effectively in the rainy
season. Their current agricultural practices rely solely on the inconsistent rainfall during this time. My pump will be constructed from locally‐available aluminum cans, epoxy, glue, and fasteners (refer to Appendix B for technical drawings of the pump). The business will employ only a small number of Zambians, but will bring a means of food and income to an impoverished populace. Once the business is running steadfast in Ndola, I hope to bring this service to the whole country of Zambia and even the entire continent of Africa.
2010-05-21T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/3
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1003
2010-06-10T23:02:27Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Aircraft Data Collection System
Kronsteiner, Amy
Marx, Danny
Heller, Collin
Garcia, Nathaniel
Riccobono, Nicholas
Parks, Scott
Liu, Albert
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Aerospace Engineering
2010-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kurt Colvin
Data Storage Systems
Other Aerospace Engineering
Other Electrical and Computer Engineering
Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
Pressure
RV-7
Stability
Transducer
GPS
Accelerometer
This report outlines the design and building process for an interchangeable testing device that collects aircraft performance data. Included is the project objectives, system requirements, management plan, design concept development, design details, manufacturing procedures, and project verification test plans. The device is a wing-mounted Pitot-static system integrated with an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS).
2010-06-09T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/4
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1004
2010-08-23T14:52:43Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Impaired Vascular Reactivity Following Chronic Ischemia in the Arteries of the Mouse Hindlimb
Kesler, Thomas (Tom)
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-01-01T08:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Ischemia Vasodilation Microcirculation
Collateral dependent hyperemia is reduced following chronic ischemia, but the contribution of individual vessel reactivity is unknown. Further, it is not known what aspect of the complex ischemic injury response impacts vascular reactivity. To determine the impact of ischemia on vascular reactivity, we measured functional vasodilation in the muscular branch artery following resection of the femoral artery proximal to the muscular branch. On day-14 after surgery the diameter of the muscular branch was measured using side-stream dark field (SDF) imaging intravital microscopy. At moderate intensity skeletal muscle contraction (1mA, 200µs, 8Hz, 90sec), functional vasodilation is reduced compared to the contralateral non-ischemic limb (10.84 ± 8.79% versus 151.70 ± 22.15% increase above baseline). Conversely, at high intensity skeletal muscle contraction (1mA, 500µs, 8Hz, 90sec), the initial vasodilation is not different from the contralateral limb, but the ischemic arteries are refractory to regaining their resting diameter. The control artery returned to baseline diameter within 10-minutes following high-intensity muscle contraction, while the ischemic artery did not return to baseline after 25 minutes. Further investigation is underway to determine if endothelial or smooth muscle dysfunction underlies this abnormal reactivity in ischemic arteries.
2010-06-11T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/5
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1005
2010-11-04T16:34:10Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Immunohistochemical Mapping of Hypoxia in Ischemic Mouse Hindlimb Skeletal Muscle
Deckert, Emily
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-08-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Medicine and Health Sciences
Immunohistochemistry
hypoxyprobe
angiogenesis
vessel
hypoxic
ischemia
The study of blood vessel growth and remodeling is a complex endeavor. Hypoxia, the lack of oxygen in a tissue, is known to stimulate angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels), and have little effect on arteriogenesis (the enlargement of existing blood vessels). However, the role of hypoxia in vessel function is unknown, but may be determined using the results and methods developed in this experiment.
Supplied by the bloodstream, oxygen is required by all cells and tissues to remain healthy. If the bloodstream supplying a certain tissue with blood is disrupted, the tissue becomes ischemic, often leading to hypoxia. Hypoxia is the lack of oxygen in living tissue; specifically tissue oxygen levels less than 10 mmHg (hypoxyprobe.com).
When a tissue is ischemic, and therefore hypoxic, angiogenesis is known to occur, which expands the nutrient and waste exchange capacity of the microcirculation. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional regulator of angiogenic molecular pathways and is regulated according to the oxygen availability in a given tissue (Pugh, Ratcliffe).
By studying the locality of hypoxia within a given tissue, it is possible to predict the behavior of the growing blood vessel. Additionally, changes in vessel function may be understood by comparing the location of hypoxia with the location of the altered function. Cal Poly’s microcirculation laboratory is interested in investigating the effects of hypoxia, either prior or sustained, on vascular reactivity. In order to carry out this investigation, a method for assessing the level of hypoxia throughout the tissue is needed.
In this study, immunohistochemical staining techniques were used to visually map hypoxia in ischemic mouse hindlimb skeletal muscle. The technique, which was developed into a repeatable protocol, may be useful in further investigating hypoxia induced vascular growth and changes in function.
2010-10-08T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/8
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1006
2010-11-04T16:29:39Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Motorcycle Data Acquisition System
Harmse, Jonathan Luke
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2010-10-01T07:00:00Z
John Ridgely
Acoustics, Dynamics, and Controls
Electro-Mechanical Systems
Motorcycle
data
acquisition
telemetry
2010-10-11T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/7
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1007
2010-11-04T16:26:06Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Heated Platform with Nose Cone Clamp for Mouse Surgery
Harwell, Amanda Elyse
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-10-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
2010-11-03T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/6
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1008
2010-11-17T18:37:36Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Can SPR be used to Interrogate the Double Layer of NaCl
Kawula, Brandon
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2010-11-01T07:00:00Z
David Clague
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Surface Plasmon Resonance
SPR
NaCl
Double Layer
Stern layer
Diffuse Layer
Solutions of reagent grade salt .1, .01, .001, .0001, .00001M were run through a SPR to see if SPR had enough resolution to detect the formation of the electric double layer. We found that NaCl did in fact return a detectable signal. The signal shape seems to depend on concentration. While more study may need to be done to get definite information it looks like SPR can interrogate the double layer.
2010-11-12T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/9
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1009
2011-01-04T18:13:39Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
An Investigation of Process Parameters to Optimize the Fiber Diameter of Electrospun Vascular Scaffolds through Experimental Design
Wong, Steffi
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-12-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biomaterials
Design of Experiments and Sample Surveys
Electrospinning
Tissue Engineering
Design of Experiments
Fiber Diameter
2011-01-02T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/10
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1011
2011-04-05T23:29:22Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Approximation of Anterolateral Curvature of Lumbar Vertebra
Friesem, Ben A.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-03-01T08:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Musculoskeletal System
spine
vertebra
vertebrae
vetebral body
anterolateral curvature
<p>The study of lateral interbody lumbar spinal surgery and designing an optimal intervetebral device is a complex endeavor. Interbody spinal fusion is performed for a variety of clinical situations, including back pain, vertebral fractures, and tumor conditions that require stabilization of the vertebral segments. The fundamental goal of spinal fusion is to attain a solid fixation at the implant-vertebral interface. <br /> Replacement of a degenerated vertebral disc with an artificial intervertebral disc (AID) is currently possible, but poses problems mainly in the force distribution through the vertebral column. Data on the intervertebral disc space geometry will provide a better fit of the prosthesis to the vertebrae, but current literature on vertebral disc geometry is very scarce or not suitable [5]. During the design phase there are few concerns that must be considered. Subsidence of the interbody cage into the vertebral body may cause collapse of disc space, recurrence of spinal deformity and preoperative symptoms, or failure of the fusion. The core of the vertebral body is made of a softer less dense cancellous bone towards the center of the disk space and a much harder ring of cortical bone called the apophyseal ring on the outer perimeter. Through maximizing the footprints contact area (better stress distribution), and focusing greater percentage of that stress on the harder apophyseal ring we will see improved fusion results in accordance to Wolff’s law. Also improved endplate matching reduces the risk of implant migration or protrusion into the psoas muscle. The psoas houses many sensory nerves, and if compacted could cause pain in the patient (commonly chronic leg pain).<br /> In this study, statistical method and clinical axial x-rays of lumbar vertebra endplates were used to formulate a ratio to size the anterolateral radius of a patients lumbar vertebrae, based on the vertebras medial-lateral length. This technique, which was developed into a repeatable protocol, may be useful to consider in the design of any lumbar intervetebral device (particularly for one that is meant to span the disk space laterally).</p>
2011-03-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/12
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1012
2011-04-05T23:22:46Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Investigation of PMMA Cement Penetration in Prepared Femoral Heads with a Longitudinal Slot for Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Snyder, Scott
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-02-01T08:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Hip
Resurfacing
Cement
Penetration
Polymethyl methacrylate
PMMA
<p>Hip resurfacing arthroplasty is becoming increasingly popular in younger, active patients due to its preservation of natural biomechanics. Failure of these implants can be very traumatic and potentially life threatening. The role of cement penetration in early implant failure is not yet known, and must be investigated. This study specifically investigates the effects of a 5mm by 5mm longitudinal channel on cement penetration into the femoral head. High-density open-cell reticulated vitreous carbon foam cylinders and Huntsman Pro-cast® 20 implants based on the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing implant were used. It was determined cement penetration was increased in the area immediately surrounding the slot, and the slot caused increased penetration in the dome and chamfer areas, but did not significantly alter the penetration at the wall at the back of the implant. On either side of the slot (Faces 2A, 2B) cement penetration is again statistically increased in the dome and chamfer areas, but not statistically different at the wall.</p>
2011-03-29T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/11
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1013
2011-05-03T16:49:07Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development Towards a Protocol to Test for the Creation of a “Diabetic” Environment in a Blood Vessel Mimic
Kirk, Kaitlyn
development towards a protocol to test for the creation of a “diabetic” environment in a blood vessel mimic,
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biological Engineering
ICAM
diabetes
immunohistochemistry
<p>Diabetes mellitus affects a huge proportion of people; about 6% of the population in the US had diabetes in 2007 (16). Diabetes promotes dyslipidemia, an imbalance in the circulating levels of lipids and lipoproteins, and diabetes is one of the leading risk factors for coronary artery and peripheral vascular diseases (11, 51, 52). There are two types of diabetes; type 1 diabetes accounts for about 10% of diagnosed cases and type 2 accounts for about 90% (11). Diabetic patients react differently to stents and there is a great need to enhance the treatment. The goal of this project was, and continues to be, to create a “diabetic” environment in which stents can be tested to characterize the potential of the stent to continue with animal testing.</p>
2011-04-28T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/13
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1014
2019-05-31T21:21:20Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
An Inexpensive Method for Creating Paste to be Used in Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices
Sankey, Kirra Marie
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-06-01T07:00:00Z
David Clague
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Systems and Integrative Engineering
microfluidic
paste
assay
device
inexpensive
method
<p><strong> </strong>Microfluidic devices are diagnostic tools that are small, portable, and inexpensive. This makes them ideally suited for resource-limited settings. To construct a 3D device, each layer of patterned paper is stacked using double-sided tape with holes corresponding to the pattern. It is necessary to have a paste to fill the holes in the tape and provide a medium for the fluid to wick through. The powder used to make the paste is very expensive and must be bought in bulk (an estimated $1121 - $1231), so it is not convenient for the Biomedical (BMED) department to use. This project was designed to develop nitrocellulose membrane paste to be used in microfluidic devices inexpensively. Nitrocellulose lacquer samples were made using a range of viscosities: 2, 5, 8, and 11 mL of acetone per gram of nitrocellulose membrane paper. Then a 3D microfluidic device using the sample was created. An inexpensive method for creating paste to fill the holes in the tape layer was determined and proven successful ($170). It was found that the ratio of 11 mL of acetone per gram of nitrocellulose membrane paper created a paste that would allow for the fastest wick time in 3D paper-based microfluidic device (15 min). Thus, this method is recommended to the BMED department for the development and testing of 3D microfluidic devices.</p>
2012-06-22T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/14
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1015
2012-08-21T23:25:07Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Nitrogen Mass Balance in a High Rate Algal Pond
Jones, Kevin
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2011-07-01T07:00:00Z
Tryg Lundquist
Environmental Engineering
HRAP
pond
nitrogen
mass balance
algae
volatilization
<p>The objective of the study described herein was to perform a mass balance on nitrogen in four small high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) in order to determine the fate of the nitrogen. The total percentage of nitrogen lost via ammonia volatilization was calculated via the mass balance.</p>
2011-07-08T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/33
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1016
2011-11-15T18:11:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Characterization of Bioreactor System for Tissue Engineered Blood Vessels
Shah, Kasim
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-01-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Fluid mechanical variables for Bioreactor System
2011-11-15T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/15
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1096
2012-08-06T19:06:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Access|Closure Balloon Catheter Redesign Project
Bamburg, Keenan
Castillo, Yvette
Eskildsen, Elizabeth
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2011-12-01T08:00:00Z
James Meagher
Applied Mechanics
Biomechanical Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
medical
device
mechanical
AccessClosure
catheter
2011-11-28T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/128
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1017
2011-12-02T00:46:49Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development of an In-Vitro Hyperglycemic Tissue Engineered Blood Vessel Mimic
Wong, Brian C.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Biological Engineering
Biomaterials
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
ePTFE
diabetes
tissue engineering
2011-11-30T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/16
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1018
2011-12-06T23:04:17Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Effect of Size Reduction Parameters in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process
Breneman, Brian
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-12-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Milling
Particle Size Reduction
<p>Within pharmaceutical manufacturing, size reduction is one of the most extensively used and vital unit operations. Size reduction in tablet production is achieved primarily through milling procedures, which allows for attaining product uniformity, optimizing product solubility, and improving bioavailability. Additionally, powders with a narrow range of size distribution can obviate problems in downstream processing as pertains to blending, compression, and coating as well as improve drug performance<sup>1</sup>. The purpose this study was to characterize the effect of various size reduction parameters as a result of the pharmaceutical milling process on a lactose wet granulation formulation and chemically active extruded lentils. Variations in sizing as a result of milling conditions were assessed using samples of extrudated lentils (extrudate) and lactose granules. Lactose granules and extrudate were milled and compared using the L1A Fitz mill based on blade orientation, mill speed, and screen size. Additionally, the 197 Comil was evaluated as a potential substitute for extrudate milling by comparing resulting PSD, morphology, and angle of repose using extrudate milled on both the 197 Comil and L1A Fitz mil. For lactose granules, data showed that fine particle sizing occurred at 9000 RPM, while only larger particles were reduced at 1000 RPM, 4000 RPM, and 6600 RPM. Large particles were reduced much more effectively as speed increased from 1000 RPM to 4000 RPM, however less change was seen from 4000 RPM and 6600 RPM. For both extrudate and granules, particle size decreased as mill speed was increased and smaller screens were utilized. Resulting data for milled extrudate provides support for obtaining analogous particle properties between the two mill types. Because of a lack of direct correlation between milling conditions on the Comil and Fitz Mill, processes should be developed independently in order to achieve desired properties.</p>
2011-12-01T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/17
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1019
2013-01-08T19:20:47Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Improved Manufacturing Methods of Bovine Femur Samples for Ultrasonic Testing and Assessment of Materials Through Contract Angle Measurement
Galang, Kevin Mathew Lopez
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-09-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O’Halloran Cardinal
Biology and Biomimetic Materials
Biomaterials
Biomaterials
Contact Angle Measurements
Ultrasonic Testing
<p>At California Polytechnic State University of San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly), the Biomedical Engineering department (BMED) requires its students to take the course listed as “BMED 420: Principles of Biomaterial Designs.” BMED 420 has a required laboratory section every week throughout the duration of the course that is meant to be a supplemental tool for learning. During the lab sections, students perform experiments and exercises that are currently being implemented in the industry. Despite accuracy of the methods and experiments relative to their use in the industry, there is always room for improvement. The objective of this project will illustrate my procedural approach to the improvement of Lab F— Ultrasonic Biomaterial Analysis and the expansion of Lab B— Contact Angle measurement. More specifically, I will provide a step by step account of the creation of new bovine femur bone samples and test their efficacy using the same ultrasonic testing methods the students are familiar with. I will also go through the analysis of existing and new materials for the Contact Angle Measurement methods to verify their use in the expansion of Lab B— Contact Angle Measurement.</p>
2012-01-07T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/18
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1020
2012-01-26T20:04:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Determining Cell Markers for the Evaluation of HUVEC and HUVSMC Phenotypes on Formalin Fixed, Paraffin Embedded Blood Vessel Mimics
Miracle, Christopher Michael
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
2012-01-14T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/19
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1021
2012-03-09T00:48:53Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Characterization and Analysis Techniques of a Dynamic in vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model
Woodhouse, Ryan Everett
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2010-12-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
imaging
fluorescent
cell imaging
<p>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining the sensitive environment required by the brain. Although the BBB is necessary for proper functioning of the brain, it acts as an obstacle for doctors attempting to treat neurological disease. For a drug to act upon the brain, it must first pass through the discriminating BBB. For this reason, much research has been performed in recent years in order to create an <em>in vitro</em> model of the BBB on which drugs targeted for the central nervous system may be tested. The main goal of this project is to create an <em>in vitro</em> BBB model using both endothelial and glial cells, while my specific goals are to decide which techniques for characterization and analysis are best suited to our needs and resources as well as establish effective protocols for these techniques. To achieve these goals, several analysis techniques were chosen and protocols for three fluorescent assays were established. Although not a comprehensive method for characterization, these fluorescent assays allow for basic analysis of the system and act as a stepping-stone for future work.</p>
2017-03-01T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/20
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1022
2012-03-19T22:21:58Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
QL+ Body Temperature Regulating Vest
Goss, Melissa
Cubero, Brittnee
Lynch, Dillon
Olsen, Greg
Jazayeri, Julian
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2012-03-01T08:00:00Z
Richard Savage
Other Engineering
Thermal Vest
Spinal Cord Injuries
Body Temperature Regulator
<p>The purpose of this project is to design a thermal vest to be worn by individuals with spinal injuries to help regulate their core body temperature. Individuals with spinal injuries have impaired thermoregulation abilities which increase their susceptibility to succumbing to either heat stroke or hypothermia. This project focused on preventing heat stroke by inducing a cooling mechanism. To provide this cooling mechanism, a thermoelectric cooler was used to chill water in a reservoir. This water is then pumped through tubing sewn into the vest. The chilled water will absorb heat from the human body and return to the reservoir. At this point the water will then be re-chilled and recirculated. Testing regarding this method showed that 550 BTUs per hour of heat from the human body. This is almost half the amount of heat dissipated by the human body to maintain a core body temperature of 98.6⁰F. Further testing also verified that the chosen materials are biocompatible and capable of reducing body temperature.</p>
2013-03-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/21
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1023
2012-05-01T22:26:50Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Evaluation of Decellularization Procedures for Porcine Arteries
Clapp, Charles
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-04-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biomaterials
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Coronary Artery disease
tissue engineering
decellularization
porcine artery
vascular graft
<p>Coronary artery disease has become the leading cause of death in the United States, with over 425,000 deaths in 2006. Stenting has evolved into the preferred preventative technique for myocardial infarction by opening up an occluded artery, due to its low invasiveness compared to the alternative of coronary artery bypass grafting. Bare metal stents have been improved by coating with anti-proliferative drugs to advance their effects, but even drug eluting stents still have a risk of restenosis, thrombus formation, and necessary revascularization. Continual advancement in stent design necessitates faster, effective pre-clinical evaluation techniques. Kristen Cardinal, Ph.D., developed the blood vessel mimic for in-vitro evaluation of coronary stents. The blood vessel mimic currently uses ePTFE as a tubular scaffolding for vessel development, but this material falls short of the mechanical properties of the native vessel. Aubrey Smith, M.S., developed a protocol for decellularizing porcine arteries. Decellularization is the process of removing cells from a native tissue, leaving only the extracellular matrix scaffold. The decellularized vessels could be a potential replacement for ePTFE in the blood vessel mimic. The present study was done to replicate the protocol developed by Ms. Smith, and evaluate if it produces repeatable results. Methods included decellularization of porcine arteries by perfusion with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, and evaluation using histology as well as uniaxial tensile testing. Results from this study were similar to those found by Ms. Smith, indicating that the protocol does produce repeatable decellularized arteries.</p>
2012-04-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/22
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1024
2012-06-12T16:31:26Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Short-term Estrogen-depletion-related Changes in Anatomic Variation of Time-dependent Material Properties, and Evidence of Secondary Remodeling of Ovine Compact Bone
Allen, Ryan
De Guzman, Kathleen
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-05-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Musculoskeletal System
osteon
estrogen
osteoporosis
postmenopausal
histomorphometry
merz grid
<p>Recognized as the most common type of bone disease in humans, osteoporosis poses a major health threat to roughly 28 million Americans [1]. In women, the leading cause of osteoporosis is known to be a drop in estrogen during the time of menopause. Thus, it becomes essential to acquire a better understanding of postmenopausal osteoporosis, as many individuals desire a longer lifetime and an improved quality of life for the elderly. To further current knowledge of postmenopausal osteoporosis and help develop methods of overcoming it, it is important to find an appropriate animal model.</p>
<p>In this study, pretreated ovine compact bone is analyzed using histomorphometry to see if this type of animal model can be used to model osteoporotic bone in women experiencing menopause. Ready-made radiographs of ovine compact bone taken from the radius and ulna of 14 sham-ovariectomized sheep (control) and 14 ovariectomized sheep (OVX), sacrificed after 3 months in either the winter or fall seasons, were used to study the consequences of seasonal, anatomical, and hormonal variation on ovine bone remodeling. Three-way ANOVA analyses were performed to determine seasonal, anatomical, and hormonal interaction effects on the following variables (quantified via histomorphometry): bone volume to tissue volume ratio, average percent of tissue and material remodeling, average secondary osteonal radius, and number of cement line interfaces (CLI).</p>
<p>Anatomical and hormonal variations were found to have individual effects on average percent remodeled tissue and material, with 95% confidence. Tukey’s tests showed that estrogen depletion of OVX sheep caused significantly higher percent remodeled tissue and material averages than control sheep. In addition, there were seasonal and anatomical interaction effects on average CLI in both tissue and material, and a seasonal effect on average osteonal radius.</p>
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/24
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1025
2012-06-04T23:41:32Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Impaired Resistance Artery Reactivity Following Arteriogenesis
Machado, Michael (Mike)
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2011-09-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
2012-06-04T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/23
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1026
2012-06-12T16:44:25Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
A Novel In-House design of a Bioreactor for the Modeling of an in vitro Blood Brain Barrier Model
Mahaffey, Ian
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
bioreactor
blood brain barrier
tissue engineering
electrospinning
scaffold
<p>The blood brain barrier is the protector of the central nervous system and a physical barrier that functions to regulate the substances that can pass in and out of the brain; it is the function and integrity of this system that keeps the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Yet this shield against foreign invaders in the blood also prevents drugs designed for treatment of various ailments of the central nervous system from reaching their target in the brain. Developing drugs that can pass through this barrier, and understanding it’s function has become an area of increasing interest. Many researchers and companies are turning to <em>in vitro</em> models of the blood brain barrier to test a drugs ability to pass through this shield and target areas in the central nervous system. Our lab at Cal Poly focuses on developing blood vessel mimics, and tissue engineered constructs that would allow for<em> in vitro</em> modeling and testing of blood vessel physiology. Currently the main focus is on coronary blood vessels for stent testing, but expanding this to other areas of blood vessel research is of interest to our lab, and we believe that we can contribute to the blood brain barrier field by using our labs experience with other tissue engineering constructs. The focus of this project is to design and create aspects of a novel bioreactor that is reusable, can be built in-house, and facilitates better access to the scaffolding. The primary areas of focus in this project were to 1) design and manufacture a reusable novel bioreactor in-house, 2) create a mandrel to collect electrospun fibers to be used as scaffolding, and 3) to evaluate these scaffolds and compare to the literatures characteristics of proper scaffolds for blood brain barrier models. All of these goals were met; we now have a bioreactor prototype that has been manufactured and is currently going through further refinement, modification and testing to optimize the design, there is now series of new mandrels that are ready to be used to electrospin scaffolds to be used in the new bioreactor, and the scaffolds have been shown to possess some of the characteristics that were outlined in the literature for blood brain barrier models. The completion of all of these aims has allowed for the advancement and progress towards the ultimate goal of creating an<em> in vitro</em> model of the blood brain barrier to study it’s physiologic mechanisms and study drug diffusion. The project will allow for research and advancement in the area of developing pharmacological therapies and strategies for treating disorders and ailments of the central nervous system.</p>
2012-06-05T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/26
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1027
2012-06-12T16:38:30Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Hydraulically Driven Mechanical Representation of a Biological System
Argouarch, Andrea
McEachern, Michael
Parham, Brandon
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomechanical Engineering
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Rose Float
biological system
arm
Hydraulic
motion
cyclinders
2012-06-07T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/25
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1028
2012-06-21T19:45:38Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Histology Imaging and Analysis of Decellularized Porcine Vessel
Moc, Evans
Thai, Jimmy
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O’Halloran Cardinal
2012-06-10T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/29
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1029
2012-06-21T16:18:00Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
ESEM Analysis of Mice Femurs with Varying SOST Levels
McClay, Patrick K.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Diseases
Medicine and Health Sciences
osteoporosis
SOST
bone
<p>This project’s goal was to analyze the properties of the cortical femur on 100 mice bones from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Analysis was limited to imaging which determined the ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) and osteocyte lacunae density. Mice were altered to knock out their SOST gene: a negative regulator of bone formation. Twelve groups were created to differentiate their treatment, duration, and phenotype. Transgenic (TG) mice had an overexpression of the SOST gene: they carried a bacterial artificial chromosome. Mice with limb defects (DEF) were the offspring of two TG mice and carried twice the amount of SOST. Mice with SOST knockout (KO) treatment, knockout phenotype, and 12 months duration had a significantly lower BV/TV than all other groups except for WT SOST KO, 12 and 6 months: the p-value was 0.00. No mouse group had a significantly different osteocyte lacunae density: the p-value was .071. The results of a significant decrease in BV/TV was observed in the KO, 12 months because the mice had the longest time to fully develop the phenotype. The lack of a difference in the osteocyte lacunae density could be the result of an insufficient sample size.</p>
2012-06-12T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/28
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1030
2012-06-19T21:24:06Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Testing and Validation of an Autostainer
Hanne, Nicholas
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
histology
autostainer
staining
fluorescence
<p>Histology performed by Cal Poly students for research projects and labs are currently performed by hand using a dipping technique. This technique is time consuming, expensive, imprecise, and often unrepeatable. Central Coast Pathology donated a Dako Autostainer to the Biomedical Engineering Department that can perform immunohistological stains of up to 48 samples simultaneously using tightly controlled reagent volumes and incubation times. Protocols are programmed into the machine and can be repeated under the same conditions every time with minimal preparation and exposure to potentially dangerous reagents. The autostainer was repaired and validated by comparing PECAM & BBI stains performed on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) with the autostainer. HUVEC cells contain the extracellular antigen that PECAM binds to and DNA which BBI interacts with. The stain procedure was a success as the images of the stained HUVEC contained fluorescent portions from both PECAM and BBI. Finally a guide was developed to assist students to successfully create and run their own protocols using the now functional autostainer.</p>
2012-06-15T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/27
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1031
2012-06-28T16:55:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development and Characterization of PLGA and ePTFE Blood Vessel Mimics Using Gene Expression Analysis
Gibbons, Michael
Ur, Sarah
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Biomaterials
<p>Tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBV’s) have the potential to act not only as a replacement for diseased vessels, but also as a testing platform for intravascular devices such as stents. To this end, the goal of this study was to develop protocols for the construction of TEBV’s composed of human vascular cells and either expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) or poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), as well as a protocol for gene expression in those TEBV’s. Initial experiments involved only human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC’s), but after low cell confluency and spreading in single-sodded vessels a second cell type, human umbilical vein smooth muscle cells (HUVSMC’s), were added in order to improve adhesion and overall physiological relevance of the model. For both ePTFE and PLGA, cell confluencies of near 100% were achieved with evidence of distinct endothelial and medial layers in the PLGA vessels (data not available for ePTFE). A protocol for RNA isolation, reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was then developed which led to the isolation and quantification RNA from both ePTFE and PLGA vessels. In conclusion, protocols for TEBV construction and gene expression analysis were developed for both PLGA and ePTFE TEBV’s.</p>
2012-06-21T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/30
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1032
2012-07-18T23:22:29Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
RFID for Inventory of Medical Records
Wu, Johny
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Tali Freed
Industrial Engineering
Other Engineering
Other Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
RFID
Medical Records
Inventory
Real Time Tracking
<p>The purpose of this project is to explore the feasibility and economic viability of the implementation of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system in a large-scale, medical office setting. Practitioners in fields such as; medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers do not have a sufficient method for tracking filing forms. RFID has the potential to reduce wait time, improve checking-in time, and decrease the possibility of interchanging documents between patients.</p>
<p>The purpose of this RFID system is to improve upon the filing system already in place in any office setting. The major consideration behind this project is that there are thousands of files and folders for patients within any office setting. Therefore, a major overhaul of this system with a more high tech and relatively inexpensive RFID system may improve waiting times and ensure accuracy. This project is not focusing on any particular field or office, but focuses on a small-scale conceptual design and testing.</p>
<p>A RFID system will be designed and simulated to test the effectiveness in an office setting where filing forms is required. An analysis will be performed to compare the effectiveness of the RFID configuration and the legacy system to determine if using the RFID system is a viable option.</p>
2012-07-14T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/31
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1033
2012-08-06T18:11:53Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development of a Protocol to Measure Gene Expression in the Mouse Tibia
Hoover, Daniel
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biological Engineering
Cardiovascular Diseases
Medical Molecular Biology
Molecular Biology
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms
osteocyte
angiogenesis
microcirculation
osteoporosis
fracture
molecular
<p>Numerous molecular factors active in bone tissue direct fracture repair and remodeling which can be altered by disease conditions such as Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) and Osteoporosis. Methods of molecular biology are commonly applied to investigate the expression and role of these molecular factors. This project presents a robust three-step protocol for examining gene expression in the mouse tibia. The protocol begins with isolating RNA from a flash frozen tibia sample. The isolated RNA is reverse transcribed into cDNA. Finally, PCR is performed to indentify expressed genes. Establishing this protocol will allow further research into the mechanisms of bone remodeling and repair. For example, this approach can be used to examine the relationship between osteocyte apoptosis and angiogenesis in bone tissue, with applications to ischemic conditions and osteoporosis.</p>
2012-07-30T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/32
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1150
2012-12-17T20:48:33Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
HandiTrike - Recumbent Tricycle
Higginson, Sean
Howie, Kevin
Patel, Vinay
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2012-12-01T08:00:00Z
Tom Mase
Applied Mechanics
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Manufacturing
Other Mechanical Engineering
Recumbent
Trike
Tricycle
QL+
HandiTrike
<p>This report covers the design and construction of the recumbent racing tricycle for Mr. Robert T. Kelly, a disabled veteran. Unfortunately Rob’s right leg is five inches shorter than his left one and therefore is unable to properly operate standard cranks. Our team HandiTrike is composed of Sean Higginson, Kevin Howie, and Vinay Patel and our project requires us to come up with a design that is feasible to complete within the given three quarters, as well as allow Rob to gain full use of his tricycle. Currently Rob ‘s trike uses the standard crank set up found on most bicycles and tricycles today, but to overcome the five-inch difference a previous group attempted to solve this problem by adding an extension member to the right crank. The overall thought was that this rotating member would allow Rob to potentially gain full use of the crank system. However, there were several flaws in their design due to lack of communication between the group and sponsor.</p>
<p>Throughout this report you will find our various conceptual solutions to our problem, as well as our overall final design to solving this problem. Along with solving the crank issue, HandiTrike has been asked to also construct a completely new trike for Rob Kelly. Currently Rob is not satisfied with the performance he receives from his current GreenSpeed tricycle. Therefore, our group has been asked to solve the crank issue, as well as, design a rear suspension system, improve seat conditions, and include a collapsibility feature to allow for easier transportation in a vehicle. Along with these requested features, HandiTrike will also be including standard safety accessories, such as, lights, reflectors, and flags.</p>
<p>As you will read later in the report, there are no clear leaders in developing components for disabled riders. Therefore most of our problem solving will be based off of completely new and innovative ideas that will hopefully help benefit Rob and future riders as well. We believe that the solutions we come up with by the end of the report will fully satisfy Rob’s needs out of a tricycle, thus allowing him once again to get back on the road and enjoy those long rides.</p>
2013-12-07T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/136
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1034
2013-05-01T15:51:49Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Design, Construction, and Test of a Miniature Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator
Gaitan, Donald Jeremy
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2012-12-01T08:00:00Z
Lanny Griffin
<p>This report describes the creation of a senior project. It recounts the steps taken from the initial design stages and choice of a parabolic trough solar concentrator, through the building process, and finally through the test stages of the project. The objective of the project was to test the capabilities of a Cal Poly trained engineer by performing a completely self guided process of designing, building, and testing a parabolic solar collection trough. This particular trough was designed to utilize the energy provided by the sun to heat water. The test results were compared with a mathematical model drafted during the design stage. Due to restrictions of cost and space, a miniature version of typical parabolic troughs used today was made. Because of the small scale of the project, actual use of the parabolic trough to heat water would not be feasible, although testing showed consistency with initial mathematical modeling.</p>
2012-12-11T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/39
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1035
2013-04-16T17:51:46Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
A Microfluidic Pretreatment Isoelectric Focusing DC-Field Assisted H-Filter for the Separation of Charged Particles
Carroll, Cameron Sean
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
David Clague
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Microfluidics
Electrophoresis
Isoelectric Focusing
H-Filter
Charged Particles
Diagnostics
<p>Microfluidic devices are small portable diagnostic chips that allow for analysis of a biologic sample at relatively low cost. This makes them ideal for settings where a hospital is unavailable. The microfluidic pretreatment isoelectric focusing DC-field assisted H-filter is a device that allows for the separation of differently charged particles in a biologic sample. It does this by employing the concepts of diffusion, electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. This is perfect for isolation of a desired analyte or separation of waste from a sample in order to achieve better diagnostic results. The device was first modeled mathematically and visually using Comsol. The device was then manufactured using laser cut acrylic, bibulous paper, acrylic cement, tygon tubing, and silicon adhesive. Finally the device was tested using charged fluorescent microspheres. There were many problems with implementation of the device and it was eventually found to not meet the specifications required.</p>
2013-03-11T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/34
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1036
2013-04-17T16:40:21Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Kase, The Laptop Cooling Case
Morrison, Jana
Ries, Tyler
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Computer-Aided Engineering and Design
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Other Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
Laptop
fins
<p>This report describes the final design and analysis of a laptop cooling case as a marketable product for a group of entrepreneurial marketing student based out of California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo. Background market research and empirical measurements were taken in order to confirm that this would be a marketable product worth designing. Then previous solutions were researched in order to identity weaknesses and strengths. After rigorous research, it was determined that a passive cooling system, in which channels directed airflow to the computer fan would be the best system in terms of functionality, performance, and cost. A variety of models were constructed and tested, as theoretical calculations could not be relied upon to divulge the correct information regarding the structure. This was a critical design progression that accumulated into the final design concept. This project combined different principles of mechanical, manufacturing and computer engineering as well as marketing and business techniques to provide a final design that would be a viable product to sell.</p>
2013-03-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/35
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1037
2013-04-16T17:57:41Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Biomedical Advancements in Injury Recovery, Performance Enhancement, and Mechanical Assistance Applied to Athletics
Russell, Matthew
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
plasma
insulin growth factor
athletic website
<p>Athletics is constantly changing, and athletes are continually getting bigger, faster, and stronger. At the same time, biomedical technology and innovation is rapidly developing. New methods of injury recovery, genetic enhancement, and prosthetic assistance are being assimilated into the athletic world. The up and coming athlete needs to be aware of all of the usable information around them. This project is an accumulation of some of the cutting edge advancements in those fields. Platelet Rich Plasma Injections, Frequency Specific Microcurrent Treatment, and Silk Polymer Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement are innovative new ways to treat common sports injuries. Performance enhancement has increased to new feats of gene doping Erythropoietin hormone, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 hormone, and orally consuming PPAR-delta modulator compound. The Ossur Flex-Foot Cheetah and Ottobock Genium prosthetics have allowed athletes to compete at the highest level possible despite traumatic injury or birth defects. The design aspect of this project is a prototype for a website in the form of a local program, created in Java, with a graphical user interface. This prototype allows the user to make selections of their sport of interest and their desired field of study, and then outputs the information of the newest innovation applicable.</p>
2013-03-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/36
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1038
2013-04-16T18:00:15Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Design and Optimization of a Keycard Encoding Machine
Oberg, Elliott
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Manufacturing
on campus security
electronic locks
key card
keycard
process automation
<p>Security on college campuses is a good thing, especially when it comes to your dorm room or apartment building. But due to high initial cost, the Housing and Business Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, has opted for a proprietary door lock system which requires encoding new keycards manually for every resident, every year. The goal of this project is to offset this labor cost and drain on resources by automating the keycard encoding process. This project will address the design specifications and economic advantages of automation while also exploring and comparing alternative solutions.</p>
2013-03-25T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/37
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1039
2014-05-05T17:17:48Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development of a Blood Flow Measurement Protocol Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Go, Jennifer Chi-Ying
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2012-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Engineering
Particle Image Velocimetry
Blood Flow
Arteriogenesis
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
<p>Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) is an acquired inflammatory disease where a peripheral artery becomes occluded due to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques. In patients that possess collateral arteries, an occlusion can lead to shear induced outward remodeling, arteriogenesis, of these collaterals, partially restoring blood flow. However, newly remodeled collaterals exhibit reduced functional vasodilation, which may impair normal activity, such as ambulation. To model chronic ischemia and arteriogenesis in collaterals, a femoral artery ligation in a murine hindlimb is commonly performed. Previous efforts by our group involved measurements of collateral artery diameter to assess the impact of arteriogenesis on functional vasodilation/vascular reactivity; however diameter measurements are not as descriptive as an assessment of flow, and performing particle image velocimetry allows the change in blood flow control to be investigated. Particle image velocimetry was performed in the profunda femoris artery of unoperated murine hindlimbs with 3µm fluorescent microspheres. Resting and vasodilation measurements were assessed for protocol validation. As expected, muscle stimulation increased flow significantly compared to that assessed at resting, accordingly, all other measured parameters also increased significantly.</p>
2013-04-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/54
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1040
2013-04-24T16:06:46Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
MODERNIZATION OF HOUSE #3: Improving greenhouse cut flower production and students' experience by modernizing house #3
Anton, Kristina
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2012-11-01T07:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Bioresource and Agricultural Engineering
Other Engineering
photoperiodic
Chrysanthemum
black-out curtain
black cloth
shade
<p>This paper documents the modernization of the black cloth, lighting, shade, and support systems in one of Cal Poly's on-campus, student operated cut flower production greenhouses. Problems with the old system are examined along with design requirements for a new system. Alternate designs are considered along with the installation process of the chosen design.</p>
2013-04-23T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/38
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1157
2013-06-17T20:10:52Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Intuity Sleeve Redesign
Arnold, Maxwell
Kinkade, Brittany
Nicoletti, Dominic
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Sarah Harding
Biomechanical Engineering
2013-05-30T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/144
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1158
2013-06-17T20:14:02Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
deDion Axle Senior Project
Schraan, Nick
Shushnar, Mark
Swenson, William
Tall, Ramy
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
John Ridgely
Applied Mechanics
Other Engineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
Electric
Ford
Axle
E-250
deDion
EV Grid
<p>The sponsor, EV Grid Inc. is a company looking to the future with the development of a vehicle to grid infrastructure. The vehicle in development is a Ford E-250 Van which had been converted to electric drive with a front motor, rear drive layout. The sponsor wanted to move the electric motor to the rear and develop an axle to support this change. By eliminating the driveshaft, a more efficient use of battery space could be utilized. The goal of this project is to design and fabricate a prototype deDion rear axle which incorporates a system of drive components that are both relatively easy to manufacture and service. The original axle loading was analyzed to determine the necessary strength and fatigue properties of the new axle using Modified-Goodman and Miners criterion. When the calculations were finished, the design was finalized and moved into the manufacturing stage. All of the individual parts for the axle were fabricated at Cal Poly and then delivered to EV Grid in order to be welded together. The completed deDion axle, which replaced the solid rear axle, reduced the unsprung weight, used commercially available driving components and can be quickly installed into the vehicle.</p>
2018-06-05T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/145
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:matesp-1087
2013-06-26T18:14:57Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:matesp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
QL+ Body Temperature Regulating Vest Design Report
Desai, Ritesh
Gausewitz, Brad
Atiya, Mira
Machanickal, Jaison
Materials Engineering Department
BS in Materials Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Richard Savage
Engineering
thermal vest
cooling
body temperature regulation
spinal cord injury
<p>Patients with spinal cord injuries are often unable to regulate their body temperature. This can be very dangerous when the body reaches temperatures above 104 degrees F. The result is damaging to the human body and can even result in death. Therefore it is necessary to implement external sources of cooling for these individuals who are incapable of reducing their body temperature through normal methods. This two year long thermal vest project is a senior project sponsored by QL+ and began in Fall 2011. QL+ is a not-for-profit organization who focuses on improving the quality of life of those injured in the line of duty. The focus of this project was to help these veterans with such injuries in developing a vest to help cool the body and keep them safe while they enjoy activities in their daily life. The result of this project has been a design which is a lightweight, low cost, comfortable, and long lasting vest which can help regulate the body temperature of these individuals. This report outlines the research, decisions, construction, and testing that a team of four students of different engineering concentrations have done for the thermal vest.</p>
2014-06-07T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/matesp/75
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1041
2013-06-18T22:52:47Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
DESIGN OF AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO STUDY THE GROWTH OF BIOFILM ON POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
Escalona, Eireen S
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-05-01T07:00:00Z
Daniel Walsh
Biomaterials
Keywords: Biofilms
Dental Acrylic
Microbial Attachment
Bacteria
<p>Biofilms are present in virtually every solid-liquid contact surface and are partially responsible for some diseases and water cleaning. They are a community of a variety of organisms that live symbiotically and are bound together by extracellular polymeric substances, or EPS. Biofilms go through five stages of development. These include initial and irreversible attachments, maturations I and II, and dispersion. In the dental world, biofilms are often associated with mouth infections including dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis. Elderly denture wearers are susceptible to the pathogen-causing bacteria associated with these diseases, particularly those who have Alzheimer's disease or other forms of forgetfulness. The decreased inclination to maintain the cleanliness of the dentures cause biofilms to proliferate. Varying the surface roughness of denture material, or polymethylmethacrylate, could lead to the discovery of a specific roughness where biofilm growth is minimized. Methodologies were established to begin the process of researching this hypothesis.</p>
2013-06-12T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/41
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1042
2013-06-17T16:49:15Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Evaluation of the Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular Ligament in Relation to Supination Ankle Sprains
Tran, Peter
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Musculoskeletal System
Sports Sciences
Therapeutics
Tissues
ligament
supination
ankle
sprain
inversion
<p>Ankle injuries have always posed an issue to a number of athletes. Sports that involve running and jumping accumulate about 25% of injuries correlating to ankle sprains. In most ankle sprains the inversion (supination) of the ankle cause damage to lateral ligaments. The two most common lateral ligaments to experience damage are the anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular (CFL) ligaments. The methods of taping and ankle braces have allowed athletes to prevent recurring sprains from occurring. However, sprains can still occur even when one or both methods are applied. The purpose of each method is to restrict the range of motion of the foot, but none have proposed a dynamic approach to sprains.</p>
<p>The mechanism behind supination ankle sprains have been evaluated for four decades, but still no mathematical model have been produced due to the complexity of the subtalar joint. The purpose of this project is to determine if a compressive force to the ATFL and CFL would increase the stability of the foot and ankle. In the process of determining a solution to this problem, a simplified static equilibrium equation was created to better understand the mechanism behind supination ankle sprains in a closed kinetic chain motion. However, sprains involve both closed and open kinetic chain motions of the subtalar joint. The mathematical model presented in this project suggests that a moment in the direction of eversion can provide a dynamic approach to preventing sprains, but further validation is required due to the inconsistency of the values gathered from various studies and limitations of the model.</p>
2013-06-13T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/40
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1043
2013-06-18T22:55:18Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:cpesp
Intelligent Airbag Deployment
Kenyon, Alan
Nicoletti, Dominic
Mosbrucker, Lindsay
Lew, Hiram
Arms, Steven
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2012-01-01T08:00:00Z
Art MacCarley
2013-06-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/42
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1044
2013-06-18T22:58:18Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Guidance System, Kayaking for the Visually Impaired
Kirtland, D. Ryan
Phife, Ryan
Gardner, William
Johnson, Amy
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lily Laiho
Biomechanical Engineering
Manufacturing
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
Systems and Integrative Engineering
QL Plus
kayaking
visually impaired
veterans
blind
assistance
<p>Quality Life Plus is working with Team River Runner to develop an assistive guidance system for veterans who want to remain active by kayaking, after sustaining an injury that impairs vision. This system allows these veterans to complete a slalom speed race independent of a personal guide in the water. The system incorporates 3 stations that each contain a speaker connected to a microcontroller system covered by a Pelican Case on a custom made buoy. During the slalom race, a kayaker will travel from shore towards buoy #1 as it omits sound from the speaker. As the kayaker moves around the first buoy, the proximity sensor will tell the microcontroller to turn off the music at buoy #1 and turn on music at buoy #2, providing auditory guidance for the visually impaired participant. This process continues for subsequent buoys until the kayaker has passed the last buoy and no more music is played, indicating the end of the race. The system provides an outlet for visually impaired people to remain active while establishing camaraderie among kayakers.</p>
2013-06-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/43
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1045
2013-06-18T22:59:59Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Finite Element Analysis of the Nerve Cuff to Determine Usability and Stress Analysis During Regular Use
Machhi, Vivek
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-05-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Finite Element Analysis Mechanical Stresses
<p>To determine the stress analysis on the Nerve Cuff by MicroProbes, a finite element analysis was conducted. A simplified model was created in Solid Works using the geometry of the basic model of the nerve cuff. The solid model was then imported into Abaqus and the appropriate materials, boundary conditions, and loads were designated. Initially a tensile test simulation was conducted using a tensile force of 2.87 Newtons. The maximum stress experienced with this tensile force was 8.225 MPa which was greater than the ultimate tensile strength of 5.5 MPa of Silicone. Both the actual tensile test and the tensile test simulation showed that the nerve cuff would fracture during a tensile load of 2.87 Newtons. Additionally the tensile test validated the finite element analysis model because the maximum experienced stress on the simulation was on the same order of magnitude as the actual experienced stress during an actual tensile test. Next, loads and boundary conditions were applied to simulate the nerve cuff during actual use. The maximum stress in the silicone component and platinum iridium component of the nerve cuff were 1.131 and 2.412 MPa respectively. These are both lower than the ultimate strength of silicone and platinum iridium, showing the nerve cuff would remain intact and not fail during regular use. This model can be enhanced and further used to eventually help get FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approval of the nerve cuff for human use.</p>
2013-06-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/44
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1046
2013-06-19T15:10:28Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Investigating the Reproducibility of the Current BVM Protocol
Gross, Corey
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering
TEBV
BVM
<p>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is responsible for 1 death every minute in the US. Angioplasty with the implantation of stents is a common treatment method for CAD. Although there is a variety of stents currently on the market, there is still a need to develop new types for different pathologic conditions. Preliminary assessment of the physiological response to new stents is needed as they are being developed. The FDA approval process implemented today is a long, tedious path with a range of testing methods that include static in vitro testing and high-cost animal testing. Tissue engineered blood vessels have been used to create "blood vessel mimics" (BVM) as an intermediate step to improve the evaluation process. A previous Cal Poly tissue engineering student, Sarah Ur, developed a BVM protocol as part of her senior project. The aim of my senior project is to investigate the reproducibility of the existing BVM protocol for creating confluent cell linings on the interior lining of a polymer scaffold.</p>
2013-06-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/45
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1047
2013-10-16T18:33:51Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Analysis of Acetabular Cup Orientation Effects on Stress Shielding in Total Hip Replacements Using Finite Element Methods
McGuire, Brogan
Gemkow, Jennifer
Gausewitz, Brad
Georges, Alex
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Scott Hazelwood
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
hip replacement
hip arthroplasty
finite element analysis
stress shielding
computational model
acetabular cup
<p>Improper positioning of the acetabular cup has been shown to contribute to issues such as high wear rates and dislocations in total hip replacements. The differences in contact mechanics due to varying orientation of the acetabular cup may also significantly affect strain distribution in the femur. This study examined these effects of acetabular orientation changes and their contribution to stress shielding using finite element analysis. A solid model of a cementless total hip implant was obtained using 3D point scanning and implanted virtually into a femur solid model. The implanted femur model was imported into ABAQUS and loaded with a 1000 N force perpendicular to the surface of the femoral head in 13 orientations varying in inclination and anteversion. Strain values were taken from 6 locations along the proximal medial and lateral diaphysis of the femur. Analysis of these strain values found that strain decreased with increased inclination. Strain was also shown to increase and decrease on the lateral and medial side, respectively, for increasing anteversion. With an orientation change of 5.7º resulting in a strain difference of 30.9%, strain demonstrated sensitivity to orientation. From these results, it was concluded that acetabular cup orientation influences stress shielding which is determined by strain distribution. Therefore, greater emphasis is needed on obtaining the correct acetabular cup orientation during implantation surgery to prevent stress shielding effects and device failure.</p>
2013-07-30T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/51
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1048
2013-08-22T22:39:50Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Shelf Life Study of Electrospun PLGA Copolymers
Youra, Sean
Hudson, Nick
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biomaterials
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Polymer and Organic Materials
tissue engineering
PLGA
scaffolds
blood vessel mimic
electrospinning
<p>Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most commonly used copolymers for electrospinning in tissue engineering applications. However, most research has not focused on the copolymer itself in regards to how long it can be used effectively and if varying the concentrations of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) affect the resulting properties. Electrospinning is the method we use to create the three-dimensional constructs, or “scaffolds”, for the blood vessel mimic (BVM) in the tissue engineering lab. The aim of our project was to investigate if the morphology and mechanical properties of the scaffolds changed over time when they were stored in a dessicator. In addition, the morphology and properties from 75:25 and 85:15 PLGA copolymers were studied to determine whether there were significant differences in fiber diameter, elastic modulus, or critical yield strength between them via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image analysis and tensile testing of the samples. These same three parameters were analyzed for the distal, medial, and proximal regions of the scaffold for each concentration of PLGA. The main significant finding was that the regions of the scaffold were relatively uniform in their properties. No timepoints were established, since there was such large variation in the data and the trends were inconsistent. A larger and longer duration study is needed to determine whether there is an ideal timeframe to use the scaffolds.</p>
2013-08-20T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/46
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1049
2013-08-26T17:02:13Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
PolyParking
Blackmer, Christopher
Suttie, Michael
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2013-03-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Industrial Engineering
Operational Research
Other Engineering
Other Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
Systems Engineering
Database
Access
Parking
Cal Poly
VBA
<p>The purpose of this senior project is to analyze the various options for the implementation of a parking lot information system on the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo campus. This system would involve three main components: physical counting hardware, a database and analysis organization system, and a user interface for disseminating the gathered information. The project investigates and provides commentary on various available and commonplace systems, and the benefits and drawbacks of these systems. During the course of the project, a flexible database and user-interface was developed in Microsoft Access, which will allow counter output to be gathered and displayed on a parking map for the campus. This map dynamically updates, and color codes the lots based on space availability. Also provided in the project is the recommendation for Cal Poly to implement ultrasonic and magnetometer sensing technology to count cars entering and exiting parking lots. In order to distribute the gathered information, a set of internet-based interfaces is recommended, and more investigation into display boards suggested.</p>
2013-08-25T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/47
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1050
2013-09-03T19:24:43Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Vascular Reactivity of Immature Arterialized Capillaries
Hellstrom, Sara
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-08-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
arteriogenesis
arterialization
ischemia
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
vasodilation
spinotrapezius
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) is a globally prevalent cardiovascular disease in which atherosclerotic plaques narrow arterial lumen diameters and restrict blood flow to down stream tissues. The impact of these occlusions can be mitigated by collateral vessels that connect parallel arterial branches and act as natural bypasses to maintain perfusion. Some patients with PAOD may not have robust collateral networks to accommodate ischemic tissues in the event of an occlusion and, therefore, may be more susceptible to hypoxia and tissue necrosis. In animal models that lack collateral arterioles, capillaries can arterialize and form functional collaterals; however, in the early stages of development, they do not exhibit functional vasodilation in response to muscle contraction. We explored the mechanism of impaired functional vasodilation in arterialized capillaries by testing endothelial-dependent vasodilation (acetylcholine), endothelial-independent vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside), and endothelial-independent vasoconstriction (norepinephrine). First, we performed pilot studies to generate dose response curves to each of these agents in spinotrapezius arterioles. The optimal concentration that produced the most robust vascular responses was 10-5 M for all three agents. In the following study, the spinotrapezius feed artery was ligated in Balb/C mice, a strain that lacks native collaterals, to stimulate the development of arterialized capillaries and determine their vascular reactivity. Although vasodilation and vasoconstriction in arterialized capillaries seven days post-surgery were impaired compared to terminal arterioles of similar size in unoperated animals, the vessel diameter changes were still significant. The comparable impairment in both endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilation indicates that vascular smooth muscle cells are still developing, rearranging, or both, and are not yet fully capable of regulating diameter in immature arterialized capillaries. Identifying factors that improve the functionality of smooth muscle cells in the arterialized capillaries may be applied to improve patient prognosis during ischemic events in vasculature lacking pre-existing collaterals.</p>
2013-08-28T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/48
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1051
2013-09-16T21:45:54Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Effect of Oral Lipids on Blood Glucose
Knisley, Tyler R.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Insulin Independent Diabetes Mellitus
Dyslipidemia
Hyperglycemia
Insulin Resistance
<p>Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin hormone is ineffective or no longer produced. Multiple pathophysiologies can cause either insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or insulin independent diabetes mellitus (IIDM), which can lead to chronic hyperglycemia and an array of short and long term health risks. Prior research has shown that IDDM patients have dyslipidemia, and experiments infusing lipids directly into the blood result in heightened insulin resistance. The hypothesis that dyslipidemia increases insulin resistance was tested by performing oral glucose tolerance tests across three treatment conditions. Participants were nondiabetic college-aged students. Data from a control group was gathered and analyzed against a lipid and carbohydrate treatment. The lipid group showed the greatest increase in glucose level at any single time period, but the carbohydrate group remained steadily elevated throughout the three hour testing window. Analysis of the data showed the only significant difference existed between the carbohydrate and dextrose treatments, meaning the original hypothesis could not be supported. For future testing, it is recommended that each test group contain all the same subjects and a longer fasting period is given after the carbohydrate treatment is consumed. The research and experiments were condensed into a lab protocol so students enrolled in BMED 460 may further extend their knowledge of diabetes and help lead the future of treatment and device innovation.</p>
2013-09-13T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/49
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1052
2013-10-04T17:58:42Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Mechanoadaptation of Feed Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in the Stem of the Collateral Circulation
Peck, Allison
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-09-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
<p>Many patients suffering from peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) experience intermittent claudication, pain during locomotion. Previous studies suggest that this symptom could be explained in part by impaired vasodilation in collateral arteries. In this study, femoral ligation was performed on a murine animal model, stimulating collateral outward remodeling. The mechanism by which a collateral increases its luminal diameter in response to the increase in blood flow following occlusion warrents further investigation due to impaired vasodilation following collateral remodeling. Specifically, resting diameter is elevated in the stem region of the collateral circuit, but this increase in vessel size cannot be explained by vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that enlargement was due to changes in VSMC overlap and/or length, a process known as mechanoadaptation. VSMC length and overlap measurements in the profunda femoris were taken from 40x confocal images. Mean VSMC length and overlap were measured 7 and 28 days post ligation. Mean length was 222 μm ± 76 vs 229 μm ±12 in the contralateral control limb and 310 μm ± 67 vs 187 μm ± 31 in the contralateral control limb, respectively. Overlap was 23 ± 2 vs 27 ± 2 in the contralateral control limb and 30 ± 5 vs 30 ± 3 in the contralateral control limb, respectively. None of the values were significantly different. A major challenge faced included the inability of the vessel to maintain their native cylindrical shape because of the way they were flattened during storage on the microscope slides. A proposed perfusion fixation technique with 4% paraformaldehyde may allow for the excised muscle to maintain its native geometry and more VSMC overlap measurements to be taken.<em></em></p>
2013-10-03T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/50
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1203
2013-12-18T19:46:43Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
PERIPHERAL ARTERY CATHETER TRACKING SYSTEM
Blecher, Chris
Lashore, Michael
Le, Nhan
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-12-01T08:00:00Z
Mohammad Noori
Electro-Mechanical Systems
catheter
tracking
automated
2013-12-09T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/193
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1208
2013-12-17T17:09:01Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Heat Transfer Experiment: Energy Conservation
Ward, Ben
Wallace, Brett
Waltman, Ryan
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2013-12-01T08:00:00Z
Mohammad Noori
Applied Mechanics
Heat Transfer, Combustion
Other Mechanical Engineering
Energy Conversion
Heat Transfer Experiment
Thermal Sciences Lab
Disc Brake System
<p>This proposal, prepared for the Mechanical Engineering Department by the HTEC design team will redesign and replace the current energy conversion lab that is inaccurate and out of date. The team will evaluate methods of energy conversion, specifically using braking systems, as well as existing labs in order to design an accurate and relatable experiment for this lab. The project team will work with Professor Kim Shollenberger in order to design an experiment that demonstrates energy conversion through the first law of thermodynamics while utilizing a common device that is practical in student’s lives. The final result of this project will be fully functional lab equipment and a lab manual to be used for the energy conversion lab in the Thermal Science Lab.</p>
2013-12-11T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/190
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1053
2014-01-23T18:44:57Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
The Collapsible Trailer: Design and Manufacture
Hobson, Robert
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2013-12-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Manufacturing
Other Mechanical Engineering
Trailer
Collapsible
Mechanical Engineering
Design
Manufacture
Manufacturing
2014-01-07T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/52
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1054
2014-03-27T17:51:17Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Fuzz Pedal Design Project
Schaefer, Kyle
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2014-03-01T08:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Electrical and Electronics
Other Engineering
Guitar
pedal
design
fuzz
kit
skeletone
<p>The purpose of this project was to design and build a high quality, yet affordable, analog “fuzz” guitar pedal kit to be sold to other members of Cal Poly’s Audio Engineering Society. The Audio Engineering Society (AES) has hosted pedal-building projects in the past, but my project partner Michael Twardochleb first had the idea to build an original kit to be officially affiliated with the club. Michael had built other pedals of his own in the past, making him an excellent partner to have for this project. Our design was based on the classic Vox Tonebender’s circuit, which was in turn based on the Dunlop Fuzz Face pedal. Once a basic working fuzz circuit was assembled, we modified the design and components in order to suit our sound preferences and then discussed the inclusion of additional features. We also hosted AES meetings specifically for our project in order to generate interest and get input on what features people wanted to see. After settling on a design, we ordered a small run of prototype boards along with components and stompbox enclosures, built & tested them, and then presented them to the club before taking orders for an actual production run.</p>
2014-03-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/53
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1055
2019-05-31T21:34:47Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Sonar for the Visually Impaired
Newark, Anastasia
Ng, Edwin
Terhorst, Scott
General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lynne Slivovsky
Biomedical
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Electrical and Electronics
Vision Science
sonar
blind
cane
<p>There are currently no inexpensive assistive devices that allow the visually impaired detect low hanging objects that are above waist height and may cause injury, such as a rope or tree branch. The challenge presented to the team by the Quality of Life Plus Lab (QL+) was to develop a Sonar Cane device that attaches to a traditional white cane to address this problem. This device must be lightweight, inexpensive to manufacture, have a long battery life, and accurately detect obstacles to prevent user injury.</p>
2014-06-10T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/55
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:cpesp-1122
2014-06-13T16:50:02Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:cpesp
Team OmniMouse
Halman, Derek J
Porter, Josh B
Silver, Steven A
Stemper, Ian S
Computer Engineering Department
BS in Computer Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lynne Slivovsky
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Computer and Systems Architecture
Electrical and Electronics
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Computer Engineering
Computer vision
facial tracking
mouse replacements
myoelectric
<p>INFORMATION, DATA, FIGURES AND DRAWINGS EMBODIED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL AND ARE SUPPLIED ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THEY WILL NOT BE DISCLOSED TO THIRD PARTIES WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE PLUS.</p>
2014-06-11T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cpesp/114
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1056
2014-06-18T16:16:09Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Alternate Computer Input Device for Individuals with Quadriplegia
Elder, Tobais
Martinez, Michelle
Sylvester, David
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lynne Slivovsky
Biomedical
Electrical and Electronics
Systems and Integrative Engineering
Hands-Free
Quadriplegia
Arduino Due
<p>This project details the design development of an alternative computer input system that allows a person with quadriplegia to move a computer's cursor and activate left and right click button inputs. After researching and analyzing possible solutions, an end design was chosen that most appropriately satisfied all user requirements and engineering specifications. This final design employs a head mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with 9 DoF (Degrees of Freedom) to track head movements and correlate these motions to computer cursor movements. A Sip-Puff Transducer monitors and interprets a user's application of negative and positive air pressure differentials to a vinyl tube as analog voltages, which are then interpreted over time to trigger left and right click events. An Arduino Due microcontroller is used to interpret and process these inputs and send mouse commands to the user's computer via a USB connection. In addition to the sensing hardware, there are two indicator LEDs which display the state of the left and right mouse buttons. There are also two adjustment potentiometers, which can be turned to adjust the sensitivity of the mouse tracking and the sip-puff click sensing window.</p>
<p>This system improves upon other alternative computer interfaces by allowing the user to more easily perform complex and non-linear tasks such as file organization and digital painting/drawing. Two accelerometers were initially incorporated into the design to be strapped to the upper arms of the user, and upward and downward accelerations caused by the raising and lowering of each shoulder would have corresponded to the activation of the Control and Shift keys. However, due to issues with program timing and computational complexity, these parts of our design that operated the control and shift keys were abandoned.</p>
2014-06-13T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/56
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:matesp-1123
2014-06-19T20:36:02Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:matesp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Relationship between Bagging Methods and Pre-Weld Holding Times on Porosity Formation in 2219 Aluminum AC-TIG Welds
Head, Mariah Grace
Mobley, Tyson Daniel
Materials Engineering Department
BS in Materials Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Blair London
Metallurgy
Materials Engineering
AC-TIG
Welding
Aluminum
Porosity
Aerospace
<p>The purpose of this study was to determine relationships between bagging methods and pre-weld holding times on the formation of porosity when AC-TIG welding 2219 aluminum. Considering the strict guidelines and specifications required within the aerospace industry, maintaining quality welds is of paramount importance to control part integrity for aerospace applications. This project focused on two parameters involved in the preparation of aluminum parts for welding: bagging method and pre-weld holding time. Welding geometry was simplified to bead-on plate instead of the standard joint welds. Radiographic analysis of the samples showed that all levels of both parameters produced “passing welds.” Further investigation using metallography showed that there is no clear relationship between the bagging method and holding time on the formation of porosity. The implications of these results may help simplify the preparation of parts for welding and therefore help minimize costs and increase productivity while maintaining weld quality.</p>
2019-06-12T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/matesp/98
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1057
2014-10-10T18:09:00Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Functional Vasodilation is Impaired in Arterialized Capillaries in the Spinotrapezius
Cutts, Joshua P.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Spinotrapezius
ischemia
arterialized capillaries
arterialization
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
arteriogenesis
<p>Ischemic diseases are the result of atherosclerotic plaques, which occlude conduit arteries. Ischemic disease in different tissues leads to different conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Patient vasculature architecture is variable; some patients having many collateral vessels, which are connect one arterial branch to another, and readily serve as natural bypass routes to atherosclerotic occlusions, to enlarge and provide blood flow to tissue distal to the occlusion. Patients with many natural collateral vessels are ischemia protected. Unfortunately, not all patients have collateral arterioles to remodel into conduit vessels and provide blood flow to distal tissue. It would therefore be advantageous to stimulate the arterialization of collateral capillaries, capillaries that connect adjacent arterial branches, to remodel and form conduit collaterals. Unfortunately, just having a robust collateral network is not sufficient to provide effective revascularization of tissue; it requires that collaterals have the ability to regulate blood flow, which is hypothesized to be impaired during collateral growth. Therefore the reactivity of arterialized capillaries was examined to determine if arterialized capillaries can regulate blood flow into the ischemic zone of tissue. Vascular reactivity of arterialized capillaries was examined using intravital microscopy with functional vasodilation seven days after surgical ischemia was induced. The reactivity of arterialized capillaries was significantly impaired (2% ± 2% vs. 29% ± 12% p</p>
2014-06-13T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/59
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:eesp-1278
2014-06-30T20:29:41Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:seniorprojects
Clear Circuit Contact Lens
Hecker, Paul, II
Azar, Phillip
Do, Alexander
Ng, Benny
Leon, Errol
Electrical Engineering Department
BS in Electrical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Tina Smilkstein
Biological Engineering
Biomaterials
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Electrical and Electronics
Nanotechnology Fabrication
Signal Processing
contact lens
printed circuit
PET
PDMA
thin film
printed antenna
<p>The clear active contact lens project aims to address safety and hazard awareness with an unexplored field of eye wear technology. With advancements in nanotechnology and the advent of circuits on contact lens, this project is one of the first research and development into this new field, following University of Washington and Google. The team focuses on the safety and biocompatibility of the contact lens for a comfortable ease of use. The designs push the limits of thin film printed technology with its pursuit of fine designs of 250μm antennas. The project streamlines the manufacturing process for a combination substrate of PET and PDMS and mounting of antenna, IC, and battery. To produce a product that operates at simulated specifications, the team tests and characterize the substrate, antenna, IC, and battery separately, while ensuring their designs function effectively together. The designs and processes provide a large stepping stone to the realization of a marketable active contact lens.</p>
2019-06-16T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/eesp/266
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1058
2019-06-11T23:04:28Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
The Effect of Neurostimulation on Blood Flow and Ischemic Pain
Fishman, Stacey M
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
blood flow
perfusion
neurostimulation
ischemia
sympathetic
peripheral artery disease
<p>Chronic pain caused by lack of blood flow is known as ischemic pain. Neurostimulation, the application of electrical currents through a region of the body, is effective for pain modulation, and it is hypothesized that this can be explained by the gate control theory and alterations of the sympathetic output initiated by the metaboreflex. The decrease of sympathetic output reduces vasoconstriction and improves blood flow. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and interferential currents (IFC) stimulation, both non-invasive neurostimulation techniques, were evaluated for their effects on cutaneous blood flow on the palm. High or low frequency TENS and/or IFC, and the electrode positions (on the forearm or the back) were evaluated. Ischemia was induced to simulate the chronic pain experienced by individuals, and along with pain and blood flow, the amount of time to stabilize blood flow, known as reperfusion time, was investigated. There were no differences from control except for reperfusion time in IFC on the back. This pre-pilot study was limited by sample size, therefore future work with a larger test group will improve the reliability of the data and allow for the evaluation of the effects on blood flow and ischemic pain.</p>
2014-07-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/57
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1059
2014-10-10T18:07:57Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development and Implementation of Assessment Methods for Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessel Mimics
Stevenson, Tanner
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
BVM
Compliance
Cryosection
<p>Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), the most prevalent form of heart disease, is the result of clogged or damaged coronary arteries and claims around 380,000 Americans annually. A common treatment for CAD involves placing a stent into the artery in order to open the lumen and support the native tissue—a procedure that drastically reduces patient recovery times in comparison to heart bypass surgery. However, stents do not always interact well with the body and require additions such as surface coatings or drug elution in order for additional biocompatibility. These additions necessitate extensive in vitro and in vivo testing which are expensive and yield limited data concerning the human physiological response. To address this gap in testing, the Tissue Engineering Lab at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo has developed a protocol to produce blood vessel mimics (BVMs) for the purposes of realistic in vitro evaluation of stents and other cardiovascular therapies.</p>
<p>The purpose of this project was to implement two BVM evaluation methods to test the outcomes and repeatability of the BVM protocol: compliance testing and cryosectioning. For compliance testing, a fixture, software, and a protocol was implemented and tested with the goal of obtaining repeatable compliance measurements. For cryosectioning, a protocol was implemented to obtain quality sections and stains for future use by the lab. Through the implementation of the compliance tester, it was found that the computed compliance may vary substantially due to a number of factors and thus a few major improvements were proposed, including purchasing a laser micrometer and a syringe pump. Proposed future work for the cryosectioning includes an in-depth characterization of the factors that contribute to quality sections which may include BVM thickness and BVM fixation lengths. Overall, this project increased BVM evaluation capacity in the Cal Poly Tissue Engineering Lab by providing additional methods to ensure manufacturing repeatability.</p>
2014-08-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/58
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1060
2019-06-11T23:07:20Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Development, Characterization, and Optimization of Process for Minimal Functional Barrier and Channel Width in Nitrocellulose Paper Microfluidic Diagnostic Platforms
Silva, Ryan Daniel
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-09-01T07:00:00Z
David Clague
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
microfluidics
nitrocellulose
diagnostics
<p>A central goal of diagnostic microfluidics is to reduce the cost of diagnostic medicine by reducing the equipment and reagents needed to perform diagnostic tests. The literature has demonstrated that a wax printer can be used to pattern nitrocellulose paper with hydrophobic barriers to direct a sample in a defined reaction path, eliminating the need for external pumps and controllers. However, manufacturing methods for minimizing sample volume (and thus reagent volume) in a paper-diagnostic chip have not been well defined. In this work, we experimentally determine manufacturing processes for creating functional features of minimal size—effectively reducing the sample size and required reagents. We describe the methods for determining the effects that temperature, time, and substrate type have on printable feature size. Using this developed knowledge, we were able to create 400-micron barriers and demonstrate functional channels as narrow as 100 microns. By standardizing manufacturing methods, we have enabled future exploration of novel applications for wax-based paper-microfluidics</p>
2014-11-04T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/60
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1061
2014-12-05T17:14:37Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Endothelial and Smooth Muscle-Dependent Vascular Reactivity in Immature Arterialized Collateral Capillaries
Koeroghlian, Caitlin
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Animal Structures
Animal Studies
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular System
Diagnosis
Organic Chemicals
Other Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment
Therapeutics
vasodilation
collateral
ischemia
spinotrapezius
arterialization
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) occurs due to the build up of atherosclerotic plaque and reduces blood flow to cause chronic ischemia. Patients with PAOD may experience intermittent claudication, or the pain in limb skeletal muscles due to a decease in blood flow. Collateral arteries can act as a natural bypass and improve blood flow to hypoxic tissue by creating an alternate route for blood to flow, but not all patients with PAOD have pre-existing collateral networks. Animal studies indicate that tissues without pre-existing collateral networks can form de novo collaterals from capillaries following occlusion of a feed artery. Unfortunately, theses de novo collaterals, termed arterialized collateral capillaries (ACCs) lack functional vasodilation at day-7 following feed artery occlusion. To induce the formation of ACCs, we ligated the lateral feed artery in the spinotrapzeius muscle in Balb/c mice. We evaluated the potential mechanism of impaired functional vasodilation in immature arterialized collateral capillaries (7 days following occlusion) by measuring endothelial-dependent vasodilation to bradykinin and endothelial-independent vasodilation to isoproterenol and sodium nitroprusside. Vasodilation to both the endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilators was impaired in the immature ACCs as compared to the terminal arterioles on the unoperated sham side. Similar responses to the endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell-dependent vasodilations suggest that impaired functional vasodialtion is due to impaired vascular smooth muscle cell function, which is consistent with our preivous research. We speculate that the SMCs of the ACCs are immature and may still be remodeling, rearranging, or modulating phenotype in the newly formed collaterals. Determining factors to induce mature arterialized collateral capillaries in patients with PAOD lacking pre-existing collateral netoworks could reduce ischemia and improve prognosis.</p>
2014-11-05T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/61
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1062
2019-06-11T23:03:21Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Microvascular Topology and Intravascular Endothelial Cell Labeling in the Gracilis Anterior Muscle of Balb/C Mice
Heckler, Paul, II
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-08-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
angiogenesis
arteriogenesis
collateral
morphology
network
vasodilation
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) affects approximately 200 million individuals globally. The major underlying cause of PAOD is an inflammatory disease known as atherosclerosis, which results from the build-up of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the sub-intimal space. This initiates a complex cascade of events that lead to plaque growth. Plaque growth can then expand into the lumen of the vessel and result in occlusion and/or thrombosis. Symptoms of the disease can include claudication, ulcers, and/or gangrene, although many patients are asymptomatic. Similar to other forms of ischemic disease, risk factors for PAOD include hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Common treatments include life style changes, antiplatelet therapies, and endovascular and surgical revascularization. Natural bypass surgery is a common revascularization method for patients suffering from advanced stages of PAOD. In this procedure an autologous vein segment is grafted to bypass a section of occluded artery. However, many patients experience restenosis or are unable to undergo such an invasive procedure. New therapies are needed to bridge this gap in patient care. A natural bypass is a healing mechanism that takes advantage of pre-existing vessels by enlarging them to compensate for occluded flow in another vessel. The extent to which these natural bypasses can restore the original flow rate seems to be predicated on the vascular network topology of an individual. Animal studies indicate that microvascular topologies can be either protective or vulnerable to ischemic insult from ischemic diseases, such as PAOD. Mice with highly interconnected (anastomotic) vessel networks experience faster recovery times than those with branching tree –like (dendritic) structures, likely due to compensation mechanisms from redundant supply vessels. Balb/C mice mimic dendritic architecture and experience greater ischemia and reduced hind limb functionality compared with C57BL/6 mice, which are the anastomotic archetype, following hind limb femoral artery ligation. The presence of collateral vessels in the gracilis of Balb/C mice, observed in previous work and confirmed in this study provides evidence that preexisting collaterals alone are not sufficient for improving flow. Evaluating the ability of the gracilis collateral to re-perfuse the distal hindlimb would require perfusion labeling of the endothelium, such as with lectin. The technique for perfusion labeling the gracilis muscle was demonstrated in this study. Promising results were obtained, however further optimization will be needed to improve consistency of the labeling. These findings suggest further investigation into both the nature of impaired collateral remodeling, and the continued optimization of the of lectin perfusion labeling to asses re-perfusion following arterial occlusion.</p>
2015-02-04T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/62
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1063
2015-03-17T16:24:45Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Smooth Muscle Cell Organization in the Stem Region of the Gracilis Collateral Circulation
Krall, Amanda
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Biological Engineering
Cellular and Molecular Physiology
mechanoadaptation
smooth muscle cell
impaired vasodilation
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
collateral circulation
<p>Many patients who suffer from the ischemic Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (PAOD) experience intermittent claudication, which can be attributed to impaired vasodilation. Collateral vessels are the primary site of resistance to blood flow downstream; therefore maximizing vasodilation in collaterals is crucial for efficient circulation. Collaterals function as natural bypasses around the occluded arteries and the increase in flow into these vessels causes them to outwardly remodel into conduit vessels. However, functional vasodilation in the stem region of collateral vessels is impaired at day 7 following femoral ligation, which can be attributed to smooth muscle cell malfunction. However, the increase in vessel diameter in outwardly remodeled collaterals is not due to cell proliferation. One possible explanation for the diameter increase in the stem region of the collateral is that the vascular smooth muscle cells undergo mechanoadaptation to acclimate to the increase in blood flow and fluid shear stress. To test this hypothesis, outward remodeling was induced in the gracilis collateral stem via femoral artery ligation. At day 7 following surgery, maximal vasodilation in the profunda femoris artery (collateral stem) was evaluated before perfusion fixation. The profunda was then resected and immunostained before measuring smooth muscle cell length and overlap using confocal microscopy. Average SMC overlap was significantly less in the collateral artery, 43 ± 1 μm versus 51 ± 2 μm in the control artery. Also, average SMC length was significantly longer in the collateral artery 249 ± 13 μm versus 205 ± 10 μm in the control. These results indicate that mechanoadaptation occurred in the collateral stem and its correlation to impaired vasodilation suggests that the reorientation and remodeling associated with mechanoadaptation may play a causal role in vessel impairment. Further studies need to be performed to determine if mechanoadaptation causes impaired vasodilation for patients with PAOD.</p>
2015-03-04T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/63
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1064
2019-05-31T21:33:00Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
High Potency Eugeroics-- Wake-Promoting Agents Beyond Modafinil
Yoham, Joseph
General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2015-04-01T07:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Chemicals and Drugs
<p>Modafinil (Provigil) belongs to a new pharmaceutical class known as eugeroics— wake-promoting agents. Directly enhancing conductance across neuronal membranes, modafinil, amplifies presynaptic Na/Ca influx; resultant widespread depolarization of cortical interneurons could theoretically allow transient, voltage-dependent inhibition of monoamine reuptake- resembling action of conventional stimulants, minus the stereotypy, euphoria, and locomotor effects. This literature review presents a hypothesized mechanism of action, consolidates research of modafinil analogues and hybridizes a novel compound in search of a next generation molecule.</p>
2015-04-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/64
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1065
2015-05-15T18:58:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
A Mouse Model of Aortic Endothelial Denudation and Neointimal Formation
Nehzati, Ashkon C.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2013-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal, Paul (Mack) Consigny
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Stents
Neointimal Hyperplasia
Restenosis
Late-Stent Thrombosis
Coronary Heart Disease
Ischemia
<p>More than 385,000 people die from coronary heart disease (CHD) annually and treatment costs $108.9 billion each year including the cost of health care services, medications, and lost productivity. CHD decreases heart function by limiting oxygen and nutrient transport carried through the coronary arteries. A complete block to the coronary arteries causes a myocardial infarction in response to an elimination of blood supply to cardiomyocytes. Partial occlusion results in insufficient blood supply to cardiomyocytes, producing myocardial ischemia and angina, which are usually treated with intravascular stents deployed percutaneously, before myocardial infarction occurs. Stents are the most common ways to expand occluded vessels to treat CHD, with over 1 million stents placed in coronary arteries each year. Unfortunately restenosis, the narrowing of vessels due to endothelial damage and inflammation, is a common complication found after stenting with rates for bare metal stents reported to be between 16% and 44% or about 160,000 to 440,000 patients. Even with the recent advancement in stent technology and the introduction of drug eluting stents (DES), restenosis has continued to be a significant problem associated with stenting. DES restenosis is estimated to occur in 200,000 patients in the United States. It has recently been found that DES may also put patients at risk for late-stent thrombosis due to the delayed healing effects of the antiproliferative coating. With medicine growing at a rapid pace, new stent designs are researched to address new complications such as late-stent thrombosis. These newer designs need newer animal models to better understand the response of the vascular wall to newer stent technologies. The purpose of this study was to develop a mouse model of neointimal hyperplasia in response to aortic endothelial denudation. This model would allow for examination of the neointimal hyperplasia and endothelialization responses to next generation intravascular technologies, such as polymeric stents.</p>
2015-05-15T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/65
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:eesp-1301
2015-09-02T21:22:11Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:cpesp
Innovative Connectivity Ensuring Education (I.-C.E.E.)
Cole, Luke
Ma, Andrew
Ross, Nicholas
Williams, Daniel
Electrical Engineering Department
BS in Electrical Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lynne Slivovsky
Electrical and Electronics
Manufacturing
Robotics
Telepresence/Telerobotic Device for Children with Disibilites
<p>This is the critical design review for the Telepresence/Telerobotic Technology for Children with Disabilities Project by team I.- C.E.E. (Innovative Connectivity Ensuring Education). This report details our telepresence system design for our client (Nathan Stilts) including design choices/justification, testing verification and procedures, and chosen components for implementation. There are seven chapters in total starting with introductory/background information followed by hardware and software design, verification, and testing and concludes with the current status of the project and what future work may need to be included.</p>
2015-06-05T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/eesp/321
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1066
2019-06-10T21:05:12Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus for Firefighter with a Permanent Stoma
Delgadillo, Jason
Wheeler, Aaron
Wishbow, Zachary
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lee McFarland
Biomaterials
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Other Materials Science and Engineering
Polymer and Organic Materials
stoma
firefighter
SCBA
vacuum former
QL+
safety equipment
<p>The purpose of this project was to create a unique SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus) for a firefighter named Chris Gauer. This prototype consists of a SCBA headgear connected to a polycarbonate-formed stoma mask with a medical-grade sanitary silicone hose.</p>
2020-06-06T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/66
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1067
2019-06-04T16:59:48Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:aerosp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:cpesp
Sense and Avoid UAS Project Final Design Report
Peticolas, Katie
Cazares, Cesia
Elsbree, Trevor
Smith, Courtney
Navas, Herberth Elie
Aerospace Engineering Department
BS in Aerospace Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lee McFarland
Aerospace Engineering
Engineering
Navigation, Guidance, Control and Dynamics
Systems Engineering and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization
Unmanned aerial systems
radar
sense and avoid
2015-06-08T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/69
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1068
2015-06-24T20:34:45Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
A Comprehensive Review of the Food and Drug Administration, the 510(k) Application Process, and FDA Certification for a Diagnostic Device
Davis, Taylor
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
Kristen O'Halloran Cardinal
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Regulatory
Food and Drug Administration
CDRH
<p>The company G-Force CRC LLC is currently experiencing the dichotomy of the FDA's conflicting role right now as they begin to approach FDA approval. G-Force CRC LLC is a small medical device company headquartered in San Diego, CA. The owner of the company, Dr. Ian Purcell, is an Otoneurologist apart of Alvarado Hospital. His medical practice mainly deals with patients who have balance disorders and therefore the devices that he has developed over the last 6+ years are primarily used to assist in the diagnosis of those balance disorders. G-Force CRC LLC was officially created in the summer of 2013 around these medical devices and is very close to turning in its first 510(k) application to the FDA. The review below was written due to the difficulties that many companies and individuals encounter in approaching the “FDA clearance/approval” process. The goal of the review will be to give a detailed account of the process that G-Force CRC LLC has gone through to date. It will detail the research and writing associated with a traditional 510(k) application, the current status of that application, what I personally learned throughout this process, some of the challenges I encountered, and the next steps for the company.</p>
2015-06-10T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/67
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1070
2019-06-10T21:06:00Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Beverage Dispensing Backpack Design and Business Plan
Grande, Sterling Blake
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
Robert Crockett
Other Mechanical Engineering
portable soda or beer dispenser
concession/vendor equipment
<p><strong>Grande Beverage Equipment</strong></p>
<p>Mission Statement:</p>
<p>To deliver beverage dispensing products, services, and solutions to our customers in innovative and cost effective ways.</p>
<p>Product:</p>
<p>We provide portable beverage dispensing backpacks that can deliver soda or beer from pressurized tanks.</p>
2020-06-18T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/68
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1309
2015-09-02T21:36:58Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Parkinson's Freezing-of-Gait Device
Gerlach, Megan M.
Krause, Austin J.
Padilla, Berizohar
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2015-06-01T07:00:00Z
John Ridgely
2020-07-01T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/282
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1072
2015-12-10T22:05:52Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Measuring blood flow in the skeletal muscle microcirculation using laser speckle flowmetry
Gouin, Kenneth Howard, III
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2015-07-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Bioimaging and Biomedical Optics
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
collateral circulation
arteriogenesis
laser speckle
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
ischemia
laser speckle contrast imaging
<p>The presence of a native collateral circulation, which serves as a natural bypass for blood flow around an occlusion, improves prognosis for patients with ischemic diseases, such as peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). However, not all patients have a native collateral circulation, and animal models suggest a genetic basis for this variability. In mice, such as the BALB/c, that lack native arteriolar collaterals, neocollateral formation from capillaries that connect two arterial trees can occur after arterial occlusion, resulting in reperfusion of the ischemic watershed. Immature arterialized collateral capillaries (ACCs) at 7 days post arterial occlusion do not vasodilate in response to physiological stimuli and are therefore unable to match blood flow with metabolic demand, but mature ACCs at 21 days exhibit normal vascular reactivity. Therefore we wanted to determine if vasodilation of ACCs at 21 days post arterial occlusion is capable of increasing flow throughout the ischemic arteriolar tree, because the ACCs are small-caliber vessels feeding progressively larger arterioles. One aspect of blood flow, vessel diameter, is measured routinely in our lab using bright field intravital microscopy; however blood velocity is more challenging to measure in the spinotrapezius microvasculature. In particular, we wanted to assess vasculature-wide changes in blood flow, which cannot be accomplished using laser Doppler flowmetry due to its small field of view or particle image velocimetry due to the curvature of the spinotrapezius. Therefore, we adapted a laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) protocol to measure blood velocity in the spinotrapezius microvasculature. In LSF, the scattering of laser light incident on the muscle produces a characteristic speckle. This speckle changes over time as erythrocytes flow through the vasculature of the muscle. If captured over the finite exposure time of a detector, the speckle is blurred, and the degree of blurring is related to the speed at which the erythrocytes are flowing through the vasculature. LSF yields velocity information across the entire field of view, and multiple fields of view can be stitched together to create a velocity map of the spinotrapezius vasculature. Using LSF, in conjunction with bright field intravital microscopy, we measured blood velocity and blood vessel diameter in vivo to quantify changes in blood flow. We found that vasodilation of mature ACCs (i.e. at day-21) increases blood flow (288 ± 72%) in the ischemic tree, which is comparable to the contralateral, control arterial tree (168 ± 76%), while vasodilation of immature ACCs (i.e. at day-7) does not increase blood flow (17 ± 27%) in the ischemic tree. The ability of mature ACCs to increase flow in the ischemic tree supports their potential as a therapeutic target for patients with PAOD who lack native collateral vessels. Future work will include the use of a contrast agent to provide more detailed vessel analysis (e.g. branch order effects), and similar analyses on mice with relevant comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia to study any potential impairment in arterialization and outward remodeling.</p>
2015-11-15T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/70
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1073
2015-12-10T22:08:09Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Smooth muscle cell organization in the stem region of the gracilis collateral circulation in BALB/c mice
Burckhardt, Laura Lenae
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2014-12-01T08:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Arteriogenesis
Gracilis
BALB/C
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
<p>Of the approximately 8 million Americans who suffer from ischemic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), many present with intermittent claudication, or pain associated with exercise. Impaired vasodilation of resistance vessels is a potential explanation for this symptom. Occluded arteries can lead to increased flow through collateral vessels, which function as natural bypasses around the obstruction. This increase in blood flow and resulting shear stress can cause outward remodeling, or arteriogenesis, which improves the efficacy of collaterals. However, following femoral artery ligation in a mouse model of chronic ischemia, vasodilation in the stem region of collateral vessels is impaired at day 7. In the outwardly remodeled collateral stem, the vessel diameter increase is not associated with cell proliferation, suggesting the functionality of the present smooth muscle cells (SMCs) may account for the impaired vasodilation. A potential mechanism for increased vessel diameter in the collateral stem is mechanoadaptation of the vascular SMCs to adapt to the increased fluid shear stress as a result of the increased blood flow. Indeed, decreased SMC overlap and increased SMC length (indicators of mechanoadaptation) coincides with impaired vasodilation in the C57BL/6 mouse strain, which exhibits a large number of collateral vessels and robust collateral remodeling. Collateral density, remodeling following an ischemic event, and VEGF-A expression differ widely among mouse strains, with BALB/c mice exhibiting impaired arteriogenesis due to a polymorphism of the<em> Vegfa</em> gene. It is hypothesized that following femoral artery occlusion in BALB/c mice, the SMC mechanoadaptation in the profunda femoris artery will be impaired, which should normalize vasodilation, if mechanoadaptation is a cause of impaired vasodilation in the collateral stem. To test this hypothesis, the femoral artery was ligated in BALB/c mice, before maximal vasodilation at day-7 post-surgery. The animals were then perfusion fixed before resecting and immunostaining the profunda femoris artery to measure SMC length and overlap. The resting and diameters were not different at 40 3m and 48 2 m, and the maximally dilated diamters were not different at 61 4 m, and 65 3 m for the control and day-7 post-ligation profunda femoris arteries, respectively. The increase in diameter for day-7 post-ligation and control profunda femoris arteries were not different, with a percent change of 52 11% and 413%. SMC length between day-7 post-ligation and control hindlimbs was not different, at 351 26m verses 318 57m in the control. SMC overlap reduced in the day-7 post-ligation hindlimb, 18 2m versus 22 m in the control. These results indicate a subtle impairment in BALB/c collateral stem remodeling, and suggest that the cell processes involved in increasing smooth muscle cell length may impair vasodilation signaling. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the causal relationship between mechanoadaptive remodeling and impaired vasodilation.</p>
2015-12-04T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/71
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1074
2019-06-11T23:01:21Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
The Effect of Neurostimulation on Ischemic Pain and Methods of Assessing Pain
Keck, Kaylee
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2015-12-01T08:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal, Melanie Goodman Keiser, Stuart Rosenburg
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular System
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Therapeutics
PAD
Ischemia
Pain
Neurostimulation
McGill Pain Questionnaire
Paresthesia
NRS
Peripheral Arterial Disease
PAOD
<p>Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) impacts approximately eight million people in the United States [1]. Disease progression leads to chronic ischemic pain, hindering quality of life. Pharmaceuticals are a typical treatment for pain associated with PAD; but as few as 30% of patients have a significant reduction of pain (≥50%) [2].</p>
<p>Neurostimulation is commonly used as a treatment for various diseases and injuries, including Parkinson’s disease and sports-related back and knee injuries [2]. The objective of the study was to explore neurostimulation and its effect on pain and paresthesia for a model of acute peripheral ischemia in young college students.</p>
<p>Pain is highly subjective and as a result can be difficult to measure. As a result, various pain scales and questionnaires exist and are commonly used for self-reported measurement of pain. Based on literature and prior pilot work, three instruments for measuring pain were employed to determine which would provide the best signal to noise ratio. Of all the instruments tested, the McGill Pain questionnaire best showed differences in pain in this study, with the best signal to noise ratio, and is recommended for future research and clinical assessment of ischemic pain.</p>
<p>Neurostimulation treatment did not cause a statistically significant reduction in pain. However, different trends are seen among different patients with some patients having an apparent decrease in pain with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) treatment while others have an apparent decrease in pain with interferential currents stimulation (IFC) treatment. This indicates that it would be worthwhile to further explore neurostimulation and determine what causes the differing responses. Based on the differing responses, neurostimulation should be pursued as a method of ischemic pain reduction that could be tailored to the specific patient based on what neurostimulation best helps them.</p>
2016-01-06T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/72
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1076
2016-06-08T20:34:07Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Cal Poly On-Site Water Treatment Project Proposal
Wingo, Tanner
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2016-03-01T08:00:00Z
James Widmann
Environmental Engineering
Water
treatment
subsurface wetland
water treatment
<p>This report is based off of a competition hosted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): the 2015 Campus RainWorks Challenge. Student teams were encouraged to design an infrastructure that could manage storm water, benefit campus life, and promote sustainability. The report summarizes the engineering aspects that support the competition submittal. The design is to treat campus wastewater on-site and to a suitable level for either reuse or discharge into Brizzolara Creek.</p>
2016-04-27T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/73
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1349
2016-06-15T19:03:30Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:matesp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Low-Cost Prosthetic Transfemoral Socket
Deans, Emelie
Ledgerwood, Joshua
Moore, Leah
Jung, Shaina
Temnyk, Kristen
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Mechanical Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lily Laiho
Biomechanical Engineering
Polymer and Organic Materials
prosthetics
transfemoral
Dominican Republic
<p>The goal of this senior project was to design and fabricate a low-cost adjustable prosthetic socket for above the knee amputees. This low-cost consideration was incorporated with the original intent to be used in Fiji, however, this changed to the Dominican Republic. It became clear that the need for an adjustable socket was more as a transitional socket. This transitional socket would be used for the first 6 -12 months upon amputation because this when the most amount of volume fluctuation occurs. The project sponsor, LIM Innovations, has already designed the Infinite Socket which contains four main functioning parts: baseplate, struts, cup, and the brim.</p>
2016-06-06T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/313
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:cpesp-1198
2016-06-16T22:36:04Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:eesp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:cpesp
User to Exoskeleton Sensing
Toan, Amanda
Fiumara, Brian
King, Carolyn
Takatsuka, Ryan
Downey, Taylor
Computer Engineering Department
BS in Computer Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
James Widmann
exoskeleton
sensors
2016-06-09T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cpesp/189
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1077
2016-06-16T20:33:44Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Prosthetic Leg Kit for Deployment in Developing Countries
Murphy, Brian
Porcincula, Dominique
Morgan, Derek
Ruggles, Kendall
Aguayo, Christian
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lily Laiho
Biomaterials
Biomechanics and Biotransport
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
mozambique standup mehta prosthesis
<p>The World Health Organization estimates that over 30 million people require some sort of prosthetic technology. However, traditional prosthetic fitting practices take a lot of time and cost a lot of money, making them inaccessible to millions of people around the world. StandUP Worldwide is an interdisciplinary project team devoted to creating low-cost prosthetic technologies for use around the world, especially in resource poor areas. They are currently developing a low cost, below-the-knee prosthetic kit that can be easily deployed in a resource-poor area. The following presents their solution for a below-the-knee prosthetic socket, foot, and leg.</p>
2016-06-10T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/74
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1078
2016-06-16T20:39:20Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Portable Sensory Room for the West Orange County Consortium for Special Education
Chase, Lindsey
Eskildsen, Emma
Fox, Alex
Francis, Claire
Hoffman, Nate
Keck, Kaylee
Sullivan, Sarah
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
James Widmann
Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms
Child Psychology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Mechanical Engineering
School Psychology
Therapeutics
Autism
Sensory Room
Calming
Learning
Therapeutic
<p>This report discusses the development of a Portable Sensory Room to be used at Newland Elementary School in Huntington Beach. Newland Elementary has an exceptional Special Needs program that teaches the children with the most severe cases of autism in its school district. People with autism typically also have sensory processing disorders, which can be extremely disruptive for a child’s development and can make it difficult for a child to be able to concentrate long enough to gain necessary life skills. The idea behind a Sensory Rooms is to create a place to calm the students and to expose them to new stimuli to explore and learn in a calm and non-threatening environment. There are three different Special Needs classrooms that the Portable Sensory Room will be moved between in a single day. The teachers at Newland Elementary also desired a swing element and a pressure applying device. Both of these components are used regularly in Occupational Therapy with children with autism and have been proven to help children develop necessary skills in life.</p>
<p>The design of the Portable Sensory Room, which was composed of several brainstorming sessions and decision matrices, lasted several months from Fall 2015 to midway through the Winter 2016 quarter. The final design consists of seven different components - five of the components act as the structure of the room and can easily connect to one another to achieve a uniform enclosure and two are separate from the room structure. All of these components have interactions on their faces that either comfort or challenge the children and all contribute to a calming sea theme throughout. The components are all on locking casters which makes transportation of the assembly easy. The five components of the room structure are: the tactile wall, the bookshelf, the tactile station, the fabric panels, and the LED panels. The tactile wall focuses on helping the children gain fine motor skills by use of tracks that the children can move fish along, a moveable gear set, and a whiteboard. The bookshelf is filled with activities for fine motor skills as well, and provides extra storage for the teachers to arrange according to their desires. The tactile station is a dresser with calming light effects at the top. The drawers can be completely removed and put on the floor, where the children can play with tactile interactions in an enclosed space to avoid a mess. The fabric panels provide tactile sensations using several swatches of fabric that range from calming to challenging. The LED panels have a calming ocean mural and also allow children to observe the notion of cause-and-effect via a control box that changes the light display.</p>
<p>The other two components are the swing structure and the pressure applicator, which can either be used in the room or separately from the room depending on the teachers’ preferences. The swing structure was purchased from Amazon and allows for a 360 degree rotation. The pressure applicator was built by the team and is comprised of two horizontal rollers that the child can slide in between. The addition of rubber bands allows the child/teacher to choose how much pressure will be exerted on the child.</p>
<p>The build phase of the project lasted from the end of Winter 2016 quarter to the end of Spring 2016 quarter. All of the components were made from lumber and sanded down in order to avoid any sharp edges. Testing was performed to verify that the teachers would not have to exert an enormous effort to move all of the components, as well as to determine the tipping loads for each of the components. The tipping loads were below the desired specification; in order to mitigate this, two adults will be required to move each component. When the room is assembled together, the entire structure is quite stable and does not pose a tipping hazard. The final product will be delivered to Newland Elementary School on June 17th, 2016.</p>
2016-06-11T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/75
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1079
2019-06-10T21:50:05Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Custom Mold Manufacturing Solution for Electroloom
Bundschu, Christian
David, Ryan
DeVlugt, Kyle
Hardoin, Brian
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
Lily Laiho
Biology and Biomimetic Materials
Biomaterials
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Materials Science and Engineering
Polymer and Organic Materials
Electrospinning
Conductive Materials
Mold Manufacturing
Joinery
Additive Manufacturing
Clothing
<p>An abstract is not available.</p>
2021-06-15T07:00:00Z
<p>The complete senior project report was submitted to the project advisor and sponsor. The results of this project are of a confidential nature and will not be published at this time.</p>
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/76
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1081
2016-06-17T20:07:58Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
Final Project Report: Motorized "Hover Board"
Pregadio, Gabriele
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2016-06-01T07:00:00Z
James Widmann
Other Engineering
2016-06-16T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/77
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1082
2017-01-05T21:32:30Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Functional Vasodilation and Vascular Reactivity in Arteriolar Collaterals in the Spinotrapezius of Males and Females
Nelson, Britta C.
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2016-08-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biological Engineering
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
arteriogenesis
ischemia
peripheral arterial occlusive disease
vasodilation
spinotrapezius
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) occurs when there is narrowing or blockage of the peripheral arteries that carry blood to the extremities, most commonly the legs. The most common symptom of PAOD is intermittent claudication, or ischemic pain during exercise. Women with PAOD experience a greater extremity functional impairment than men. Since impaired vasodilation might cause the ischemic pain from PAOD, we should evaluate vasodilation post ligation in males and females in collateral vessels, which connect two arterial segments to maintain blood flow to an otherwise hypoxic area. First, we need to examine collateral vasodilation in unoperated male and female animals. The goal of this study was to create a consistent protocol to measure functional vasodilation in collaterals of male and female C57Bl/6 mice, and to test the hypothesis that unoperated male and female C57Bl/6 mice exhibit equal vasodilation. The spinotrapezius muscle allows for clear visualization of intramuscular collaterals, which in animal models and patients will undergo arteriogenesis in response to an arterial occlusion. The muscle was stimulated using microelectrodes to induce endogenous vasodilation, and resting and dilated diameters were recorded. Diameters obtained from covering the preparation with plastic wrap and irrigating the preparation with a physiological salt solution (PSS) were also compared to determine the effect of the preparation of the muscle on vasodilation. As expected, there was no difference between the resting diameters or the dilated diameters of males and females when preparations were irrigated with PSS. Additionally, the preparation of the muscle had no effect on vasodilation. These findings suggest further investigation into vasodilation post ligation in males and females in collateral vessels.</p>
2016-08-31T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/78
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1083
2017-01-05T21:34:20Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Assessing Functional Vasodilation in the Gracilis Collateral Arteriole
Chu, Megan T
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2015-08-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Other Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) involves arterial occlusion due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. It is suggested that intermittent claudication, the most frequent clinical presentation of PAOD, is caused by impaired vasodilation. Current treatments for PAOD are not directed at improving vascular reactivity and are often insufficient. Stimulating arteriogenesis in collateral arterioles has therapeutic potential for PAOD, but because arterioles are the primary site of blood flow resistance, it is important that these treatments do not impair collateral vasodilation. Before this can be evaluated, the effects of arteriogenesis on collateral function must be studied in untreated collaterals. There is impaired functional vasodilation at the collateral stem following collateral enlargement in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model. In order to determine if a similar impairment occurs at the collateral midzone, visualization of the gracilis collateral arteriole must be improved. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that FITC-dextran injected into the intravascular space would allow visualization of the gracilis collateral arteriole using epifluorescence, and that a trans-illumination device placed deep to the gracilis muscle would allow visualization of the arteriole by backlighting the midzone. Both of these methods allowed for clear visualization of the gracilis vasculature. Additionally, the placement of the trans-illumination device did not affect vasodilation in the upstream feed artery, suggesting that collateral reactivity would also remain unaltered by the device. In future studies, both of these visualization techniques will be employed to assess functional vasodilation in the midzone of the gracilis collateral arteriole in both unoperated animals and those with ligation-induced ischemia.</p>
2016-11-18T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/79
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1084
2017-07-21T23:35:14Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:matesp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:imesp
Redesign of the Medtronic Kyphon Bone Cement Mixer for Vertebral Compression Fractures
Benson, Mollie
Freesemann, Sarah
Konnath, AJ
Murray, Benjamin
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
Karla Carichner
Biomedical Devices and Instrumentation
Medical Device
Engineering Design
Vertebral Compression Fracture
Polymethylmethacrylate
PMMA
<p>The complete senior project report was submitted to the project advisor and sponsor. The results of this project are of a confidential nature and will not be published at this time.</p>
2017-06-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/81
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1431
2020-02-12T18:24:42Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
Self-Powered Ankle Prosthetic
Espelien, Corina M
Pietzsch, Kelsey
Sullivan, Anna
Mechanical Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
James Widmann, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
Biomechanical Engineering
prosthetic
prosthesis
passive
QL+
ankle
foot
mechanical
<p>Originating from QL+'s customer requirements, the main technical specifications were to have 80% physiological range of motion, elastic energy return, impact absorption, and no external power sources. Based on the background research conducted and the discussions with experts in the field, the project team decided to focus on designing a prosthetic that focused on plantarflexion and dorsiflexion for a more comfortable gait. The main components of the final design are a hydraulic shock absorber, cam, torsion springs, heel, stopper, and separated keel. The heel, front and back keels, and stopper were manufactured out of carbon fiber. The link, lever, attachment platform, and pivot stand were manufactured out of aluminum. The cam was made out of Delrin. Due to a smaller size of the lever than expected and a torsion spring that wasn’t stiff enough, the maximum plantarflexion was less than the target value. The maximum dorsiflexion was also less than required due to interference between the cam and the heel. Further iterations are recommended.</p>
2022-06-14T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/378
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1088
2017-06-23T23:20:22Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:genengsp
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:cpesp
WheelieKing Trainer Project Report
Hall, Harold, III
Fox, Nathaniel
Niemisto, Thomas
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in General Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
James Widmann
Computer Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
Robotics
Robotics
Bicycle
Safety
Arduino
Mechatronics
Linear actuation
<p>In this report we will detail the design and implementation process of the WheelieKing Trainer project, a device that helps people learn how to do wheelies on a bicycle by preventing backward falls. Formal project requirements are specified, followed by the ideation and iteration process to meet those requirements. The components and methods used to create the device are described in detail. The results of the development process and usage test results of the device are included. Appendices at the end of this report include references, supporting analyses, and project management and timeline details.</p>
2018-06-17T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/80
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:imesp-1229
2017-06-26T23:55:37Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:imesp
Yeager Multi-Function Tool QL+
Flores-Hernandez, Osiel
Wilson, Carter
Wright, David
Jackson, Mitchell
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department
BS in Manufacturing Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
Karla Carichner
Manufacturing
Mechanical Engineering
Tools
disabilities
Yeager
2017-06-20T07:00:00Z
<p>The complete senior project report was submitted to the project advisor and sponsor. The results of this project are of a confidential nature and will not be published at this time.</p>
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/imesp/204
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:mesp-1439
2020-02-12T19:05:18Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
publication:mesp
publication:imesp
Azelia's Walker
Ramsey, Jordan C
Balfour, Kathleen C
Benedict, Jayne K
Merkin, Gabrielle
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department
BS in Manufacturing Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
Jim Widmann, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department
Mechanical Engineering
walker
fabrication
pediatric
all terrain
portable
<p>A Biomedical Engineering student, KC Balfour, two Mechanical Engineering students, Jayne Benedict and Gabrielle Merkin, and one Industrial Engineering student, Jordan Ramsey, make up the interdisciplinary senior project team of Azelia’s Walker. The goal of Azelia’s Walker is to create a custom walker for an 8-year-old girl in the San Luis Obispo Community, named Azelia, who has decreased motor control. Her current walker does not suit her active and energetic lifestyle, so Azelia’s Walker is challenged to design and manufacture a collapsible all-terrain walker that best suits Azelia’s needs. Throughout the academic year, Azelia’s Walker participated in the brain-storming and iteration process to produce a final design, created a manufacturing plan, and fabricated a prototype. Several key design features of the new walker are its all-terrain ability, height adjustments, portability, and ergonomic features. This report will take you, the reader, through Azelia’s Walker senior project team’s design and fabrication process. This project culminated in a to-scale prototype. Although the final product succeeded in meeting its all-terrain and portability requirements, the walker was deemed unusable for Azelia due to certain safety concerns outlined in the report. The members of Azelia’s Walker have thoroughly enjoyed this design process and have learned a great deal about the engineering research and design (R&D), analysis, fabrication, and testing process.</p>
2017-07-14T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/mesp/361
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1089
2017-09-19T18:35:49Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Influence of Fibroblasts on Functional Arteriogenesis in a Murine Chronic Hindlimb Ischemia Model
Santos, Ashli A
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2017-09-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Biological Engineering
Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
PAOD
Arteriogenesis
Fibroblast
Force-Production
DAQ
Fatigue
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) occurs when there is a narrowing or blockage – usually a buildup of plaque - within the arteries that reduces blood flow to tissues which can chronic ischemia. As with most diseases, early detection and proactive treatment are important to maximize prognosis. Exercise effectively treats PAOD, but due to ischemic pain in the limbs, or intermittent claudication (IC), exercise can become painful and difficult. Due to the buildup of plaque, occlusions create an ischemic environment that changes the pressure distribution in collateral networks and increases the shear stress in transverse collaterals. Those two responses signal the beginning of arteriogenesis- the enlargement of natural bypass collaterals, which can alleviate IC and allow patients to exercise more comfortably. Arteriogenesis is controlled by macrophages and growth factors to induce proliferation in endothelium and smooth muscles cells (SMCs); enlarging arteries allow more blood to flow and oxygen to be transported. In this study, fibroblast-containing collagen constructs were transplanted under the gracilis muscle of mice with a ligated femoral artery to confirm their beneficial contribution to arteriogenesis. Collagen constructs were also found to improve functionality of muscle force production 7-days post femoral artery ligation. Though force-intensity found no statistical significant between collagen constructs and fibroblast-containing collagen constructs, they were both found to be an improvement from the baseline disease state. Force-frequency data found fibroblast-containing collagen constructs to be an improvement from the baseline disease state while being similar to the control, non-disease state. The PowerLab data acquisition unit (DAQ) and force transducer set-up is a novel method to quantify the efficacy of myogenic cells to functionally treat ischemic diseases and optimistic results of this study along with research based data acquisition improvements suggest more robust and meaningful results in a multi-operator class setting.</p>
2017-09-19T07:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/82
oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:bmedsp-1090
2019-01-15T22:14:38Z
publication:research
publication:bmedsp
publication:students
publication:seniorprojects
Isolation and Culture of Myofiber-Derived Cells from the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle
Tietze, Ethan M
Biomedical and General Engineering Department
BS in Biomedical Engineering
2017-06-01T07:00:00Z
Trevor Cardinal
Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering
Myoblast
Arteriogenesis
cell therapy
PAOD
PAD
<p>Peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) involves distal artery occlusion by atherosclerotic plaques, which restricts blood flow and leads to ischemia in downstream tissues. Increased blood flow through preexisting collateral vessels leads to increased shear stress that triggers an outward remodeling of the vessel called arteriogenesis. In some cases this natural compensatory mechanism is able to sufficiently restore blood flow following arterial occlusion. However, for many individuals this process is insufficient to relieve peripheral ischemia, and patients experience intermittent claudication, or limb pain with locomotion or exercise. Without treatment, reduced blood flow can lead to tissue necrosis and potentially amputation. The efficacy of medication, such as drugs to lower cholesterol, is limited while surgical intervention is only available to a limited patient population. Supervised exercise therapy can improve important patient outcomes such as pain-free walking time and distance. Unfortunately, many patients fail to adhere to regimented exercise programs, limiting its functional efficacy. A potential alternative treatment approach is to stimulate or enhance arteriogenesis with cell therapy to recapitulate the beneficial effects of exercise therapy. Following exercise, resident muscle stem cells known as Satellite Cells (SCs) activate, repairing damaged muscle fibers and playing an important role in local angiogenesis. They and their progeny myoblasts, secrete a wide range of factors known to be involved in arteriogenesis and the recruitment of other cells involved in remodeling. As such, these cells are ideal candidates for transplantation. Before preliminary evaluation of these myogenic cells can be performed, a reliable source of these cells is required. Towards this goal, protocols were developed to obtain cells in sufficient numbers for transplantation. Whole Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles were excised from mouse hindlimbs. Myofibers were isolated by collagenase digestion and trituration, and placed in specialized culture conditions to promote the adherence and selective growth of myogenic cells. In these conditions, SCs activate, migrate from myofibers, and proliferate. With increasing time in culture, especially following myofiber hypercontraction, SCs increasingly differentiate, limiting expansion and the availability of cells for transplantation. Future research will focus on improving culture conditions to inhibit differentiation and maintain sustained growth to improve the availability and in vivo behavior of isolated cells. Once sufficient cell numbers are obtained they will be transplanted into a mouse model of chronic peripheral ischemia to investigate their impact on collateral remodeling.</p>
2017-11-26T08:00:00Z
https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/bmedsp/83
889194/qualified-dublin-core/100//